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小伙整容成"雷锋"脸:这是我的自由 为啥要讽刺我

2015-02-25 10:27:34   中国青年报

反对张艺冬的观点也很简单—张艺冬在微博上联系媒体,要求网友捐钱,这种行为有问题。

“这几年我直接捐给那些吃不饱饭、看不起病的人的钱接近100万元了,我觉得没有必要通过公益组织,很多人要求我拿出账单,我哪里有啊,钱都是直接给的,少的一次几百,多的一次几千,不可能有账单。”张艺冬说。

“我得到了什么呢?什么都没有。”张艺冬叹息着说。

直接禁止个人募捐?

华南师范大学公共管理学院讲师褚蓥近年来一直关注类似陈光标、张艺冬这种自己发起募捐或者直接把钱、物交给需要帮助的对象的行为,在他看来,“这种被媒体认为是高调行善的行为存在确实有一定的客观合理性,是我国社会现实所需求的。”

公益慈善学界和实务界近两年对个人募捐管理展开了广泛的探讨,有不少人建议直接禁止个人募捐。

褚蓥认为,总的来说,个人募捐行为与我国公益慈善行业总的发展方向相左,国外的公益慈善行业已经完成了转型,而我国尚未完成。个人募捐行为属于传统慈善行为,基于“乞讨与怜悯”的关系之上,而我国公益慈善行业未来的发展方向是现代公益下的募捐行为,现代公益下的募捐行为不针对个人,而是针对某一类社会问题,基于“发现与解决社会问题”之上。这种募捐是市场化的募捐,运用多种商业化传播与营销方式,推动募捐效果的增长。目前,这种募捐方式正逐渐成为我国劝募市场的主流。

随着互联网技术的发展及“微公益”理念的推广,近年来个体发起募捐的极端案例频发:2012年5月,微博大V薛蛮子为白血病女孩鲁若晴筹集善款,活动发起16个小时,便筹集善款40万元;2013年7月,为了救助因患再生障碍性贫血而濒临死亡的23岁女孩白雪,民间公益人士发起“白雪可乐”活动,活动上线6天,就卖出了24万瓶虚拟可乐,募款72万元;2014年6月,广西隆林德峨镇14岁男孩杨六斤的故事在被广西卫视报道后,不到1个月的时间,杨六斤就收到500多万元的捐助……

还有一个政府介入个人发起募捐的例子是,2013年10月,安徽省宁国市的多名网友在了解到3个困难家庭中有病人无钱医治后,准备为其发起募捐,募捐日期临近时,网友被当地民政局约谈,筹备中的募捐活动被“叫停”。

宁国市民政局对媒体表示,确实叫停了这项募捐,宁国市有2000多人需要救助,这次的募捐活动只是为3个人募捐,这样做对其他人并不公平,同时解释说,对于困难的病人除了医疗救助外,还有慈善救助作为补充,“我们正常的救助渠道很畅通,困难病人可以走正常渠道”。

随后,宁国市民政局又通过官网说明,“为救助大病患者,开展定向公开募集活动是网友的自发行为,也是社会正能量的体现,无需民政部门审批,故无‘叫停’之说。”

宁国市民政局负责人对媒体反复强调:“我们一向鼓励民间捐款,怎么会叫停呢?”但同时,他也表达了这种做法不妥当的理由,为更好地体现慈善救助公开、公正、公平原则,确保救助活动规范有序,建议更多人通过官方渠道进行募捐。

北京师范大学法学院副教授刘培峰认为,个人募捐在公信力和社会监督方面都存在问题。

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