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六旬老人中风后只会讲英语 医生称因语言中枢受损

2015-01-27 16:36:46   

(记者郑晶晶通讯员刘姗姗)中风老人患上失语症,面对医生的提问,能听懂却无法回答。哪知医生换成英语来询问后,老人却很快准确答出,还能用英语与医护人员进行简单对话。好在经过半个月治疗和康复训练,老人终于恢复了中文能力,并已于日前出院。

65岁的杨启(化名)爹爹家住江岸区,是名退休的中学英语老师,也是一名有40年烟龄的“老烟枪”。不久前,他早上起来突然感觉右侧肢体不灵活,张着嘴却说不出话,家人赶紧将他送到武汉市中心医院。经神经内科医生诊断,老人患上了脑卒中(俗称中风),其左脑受到损伤,丧失了口语表达能力,即运动性失语症。那阵子,杨爹爹可以看懂文字,听懂别人的谈话,但却不能表达。

在住院治疗期间,杨爹爹的管床护士发现,爹爹闲来无事时,嘴巴好似在喃喃自语着什么,凑近一听,老人好像在轻声说着英文数字“one、two、three、four……”神经内科主任张临洪查房时了解到这个情况,就上前先用中文问了杨爹爹几个问题,杨爹爹不住地点头,可就是张口说不出来,急得不得了。接着,张临洪又用英文问了句“What’syourname?”谁知杨爹爹一下就回答出来了。接下来张临洪又问了爹爹的年龄、有什么不舒服等几个简单的问题,杨爹爹都能用英语简短准确地表达出来。

掌握杨爹爹这个情况后,每次查房时张临洪都用简单的英语与他沟通,观察爹爹的病情发展,同时,几名英语较好的护士,日常护理时也用英语和老人沟通。护士徐静说,杨爹爹可以用“Somewater,please”,“I’mhungry”等简短的词汇来表达自己的需求,还会用“Goodmorning”跟护士们打招呼。经过半个月的针对治疗和康复训练,杨爹爹终于会开口说中文了,还可以朗读报纸上的文章。

对于杨爹爹出现的病后症状,张临洪解释说,人类语言中枢位于左侧大脑半球的额叶,一旦该部位出现梗死病灶,就会出现表达性失语。而有关研究称,精通的语言越多,语言中枢就会越发达,当语言中枢病变部位较为局限时,母语出现障碍,可能会保留第二种语言的功能。杨爹爹可能经过医生激发,自然而然将英语脱口而出了。不过,如果大脑损害的面积过大,可能所有语言都会丧失。此外,会多种语言的人经过治疗后,也要比只会一门语言的人恢复快。

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