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2014年十大科学谣言:感染埃博拉会变僵尸上榜

2015-01-06 10:26:15   

9.法国科学家证明转基因玉米可致癌?

传言称法国科学家实验证明转基因玉米诱发肿瘤,并配发了实验小鼠图片。但真相是目前包括世界卫生组织在内的权威机构均认为,经严格审批上市的转基因食品是安全的。

10.儿童吃一次抗生素7天不发育?

有传言称小孩吃一次抗生素7天不发育。但真相是,被筛选出作为药物的抗生素都是专门针对致病病菌的,并不伤害人体正常细胞。

(由联合辟谣平台、北京市科协、北京市科技记协发布)

披着科学外衣的伪科学,迷惑性强危害大

北京市科协副主席刘晓勘认为,科学类谣言大有泛滥之势,人们容易轻信并传播科学类谣言的原因有四:首先,移动互联社交工具是基于信任关系的传播,容易因对方是好友等身份而轻信其转发的内容。其次,“科学”流言往往是披着科学外衣的伪科学。内容中常有很多专业用语,有专家出场,尤其是一些国外专家出场,也包括引用一些国外科学期刊内容,看似引经据典,其实却是移花接木、子虚乌有。或者是将科学上尚无定论的多种意见中的一种拿出来,作为绝对正确的一方面进行传播。再次,“科学”流言的内容一般是养生保健、大气雾霾和食品安全等大众关心的话题,很容易引起关注。最后,“科学”流言反复传播,即使已被科学界和传统媒体辟谣,仍会“死灰复燃”,在网络上反复出现,很多人抱着“宁可信其有”的心态,客观上存在“三人成虎”的效应。

中山大学教授张志安认为,科学类谣言更容易迷惑人的原因在于:无法靠常识去识破,如果搜索以往的辟谣信息又不容易立即识别。

刘晓勘认为这类谣言一是有直接危害,引导错误行为,扰乱了生活生产秩序。例如一些关于食品安全的谣言,可能直接对一种食品或一个企业、一个产业造成严重伤害;二是有间接危害,降低了大众的科学素养,这种状态延伸到其他领域,危害更大。

不轻信不轻传,做谣言传播终结者

怎样去识别这些谣言呢?刘晓勘建议:一是不轻信,见到看上去似乎很“科学”的流言,先问“是这样吗?”“为什么?”;二是不轻传,珍视手中的“话语权”和亲友的信任,不对流言传播推波助澜;三是对感兴趣的“科学知识”作必要的求证,最简单的是上网搜索有无辟谣新闻,其次可以查询专业资料和科学类网站,或者请教专家,甚至自己动手实验;四是共同构筑辟谣防线,对于经过求证,有较高可信度的新知识,可以转发,对于求证后发现不实的流言、谣言,自己不转发,并告知上一个传播者,或者在自己的朋友圈内辟谣、澄清。所有人都可能成为谣言的传播者,因此更应该努力做谣言的终结者。


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北京市科协等发布2014年十大科学类谣言

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