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气象科学研究院专家:燃煤是中国雾霾产生根本原因

2015-01-06 09:52:37   京华时报

据介绍,北京大多数年份初雪时间在11月29日前后。从1951年至今,北京最晚初雪日为2011年2月9日。北京历史最早初雪日出现于1987年10月31日,初雪时间大多在11、12月。

但专家预计,在降雪之前,昨晚到今天,地面气压场较弱,气象条件不利于空气污染物的扩散。雪后北京将刮起4-5级偏北风,明天白天雾霾消散,北京重现蓝天。

 热点关注

  中国气象科学研究院专家:

  煤炭是我国大气污染元凶

昨天上午,2014中国科协热点问题学术报告会在中国科技会堂举行。中国气象学会大气成分委员会主任委员、中国气象科学研究院研究员张小曳作了题为《我国雾霾形成的根本性原因及对策思考》的学术报告。

据媒体报道,张小曳在报告中指出,燃煤对以雾霾为代表的大气污染形成扮演着最重要的角色,不清洁的能源使用,是我国雾霾产生的最根本的原因。这个不清洁的能源,最主要的是指煤炭。报道称,对于机动车对雾霾影响多大,张小曳表示,机动车尾气对雾霾影响还是比较严重的,但没有燃煤严重。

而关于机动车污染对PM2.5的贡献,在北京的情况并非如此。北京市环保局发布的北京市PM2.5来源解析结果显示:北京市全年PM2.5来源中,区域传输贡献约占28%-36%,本地污染排放贡献占64%-72%。在本地污染贡献中,机动车排放(占31.1%)、燃煤(占22.4%)、工业生产(占18.1%)的比重占据前三位,机动车排放是北京PM2.5本地来源的最大贡献者。

控车、压煤一直是北京市大气治理的重要抓手。根据北京市政府印发的《关于加快压减燃煤促进空气质量改善的工作方案》,2010年全市用煤总量约2635万吨,其中发电、供热用煤约1930万吨,约占73%;工业用煤约705万吨,约占27%。《方案》提出,到2015年全市燃煤总量降至1500万吨左右,燃煤污染物综合排放下降约60%。

而与此同时,北京市机动车保有量为550万辆。为了降低机动车污染,多年以来,北京市积极淘汰黄标车和老旧车。据了解,截至11月底,北京市今年淘汰老旧车42.6万辆,超额完成环保部下达的39.1万辆的任务,并成为全国首个基本解决黄标车的城市。此外,北京市的机动车排放标准及油品标准一直领先于全国,目前已实施国五标准,并提出将在2016年在全国率先实施国六标准。

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