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我国氢弹之父于敏去世,享年93岁

2019-01-16 15:44:52   腾讯科技 

原标题:我国氢弹之父于敏去世 他取得的主要成就是什么?

腾讯科技讯 据光明日报1月16日消息,来自中国科学院的消息,我国国防科技事业改革发展的重要推动者、改革先锋于敏,于1月16日在京去世,享年93岁。

我国氢弹之父于敏去世,享年93岁

于敏,天津市宁河县(原河北省宁河县)芦台镇人,中共党员,核物理学家,中国科学院学部委员,两弹一星功勋奖章获得者,中国“氢弹之父”,2014年度国家最高科技奖获得者。

过去,于敏这个名字是绝密,直到1988年,于敏的名字才得以解禁。但由于当时的解密程度有限,许多史实还没有公开。

我国氢弹之父于敏去世,享年93岁

中国第一颗氢弹的火球(爆炸当量330万吨TNT),相当于200多颗广岛原子弹的威力。

攻坚热核武器

在氢弹原理突破中解决了热核武器物理中一系列基础问题,提出了从原理到构形基本完整的设想起了关键作用。后长期领导并参加核武器的理论研究、设计解决了大量关键性的理论问题。从20世纪70年代起,在倡导、推动若干高科技项目研究中,发挥了重要作用。

经过长期的努力,于敏对原子核理论的发展形成了自己的思路。他把原子核理论分为三个层次,即实验现象和规律、唯象理论和理论基础。在平均场独立粒子方面做出了令人瞩目的成绩。

氢弹的构型


我国氢弹之父于敏去世,享年93岁

氢弹的Teller-Ulam构型和爆炸原理

据称,目前全世界只有两种氢弹构型,美国的Teller-Ulam构型和中国的于敏构型。Teller-Ulam构型解密的资料相对较多,是利用初级小型原子弹爆炸产生的X射线对次级核聚变材料进行加热和压缩,触发更猛烈的核聚变反应。据传于敏构型比Teller-Ulam构型更加轻巧,但这方面的公开资料不多。

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