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为进一步支持实体经济发展 央行降准释放7500亿

2019-01-15 09:38:09   证券日报 

原标题:降准释放7500亿元央行存“锁短放长”倾向

3900亿元MLF到期不再续做,净释放资金约3600亿元

央行1月初宣布,为进一步支持实体经济发展,优化流动性结构,降低融资成本,决定下调金融机构存款准备金率1个百分点,其中,2019年1月15日和1月25日分别下调0.5个百分点。目前来看,第一批降准释放资金如期而至,将释放资金约7500亿元。

东方金诚首席宏观分析师王青昨日在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,本次降准分两次实施,今日下调0.5个百分点,释放资金约7500亿元,同时到期的3900亿元MLF不再续做,净释放资金约3600亿元。在市场流动性需求方面,本周将进入税期高峰,缴存准备金、备付金交存及债券发行等因素也可能对资金面带来压力。由此,第一波降准时点与资金投放节奏相适应,结合央行重启逆回购等公开市场操作,有利于避免市场利率大幅上行,保持资金面处于合理充裕状态,稳定市场预期。

苏宁金融研究院宏观经济研究中心主任黄志龙昨日对《证券日报》记者表示,降准主要目的是宣示央行逆周期调节的政策调整取向,对于缓解民营企业和小微企业融资难问题有一定的作用,对于资本市场也是偏利好的因素。此外,降准的规模和力度有限,央行还通过暂停逆回购的方式回收流动性,有收有放可能是央行的主要操作方式。

王青表示,央行当前的流动性管理目标是“合理充裕”,降准造成银行间市场出现资金泛滥局面的可能性很低。如果当前市场资金利率继续下行,央行将借助各类缴款因素,以及通过持续开展公开市场净回笼等方式,调控市场资金利率接近指导利率,引导市场流动性恢复合理水平。这意味着前期DR007与央行公开市场7天期逆回购利率倒挂现象难以持续。

就春节前,央行货币政策走势如何,黄志龙表示,1月初的降准主要目的是缓解春节前后市场流动性需要,能够满足节前企业和居民对市场流动性的资金需求。后期央行货币政策更可能继续实施结构性宽松政策,前期偏紧的政策也将发生微调。

王青表示,1月25日的第二批降准将净释放资金达到7500亿元。这将在一定程度上缓解月末资金面周期性紧张,以及春节现金需求上升等因素对市场流动性带来的冲击。总体上看,今年春节前后市场资金面将继续处于较为稳定的充裕状态。总量有度、结构优化将是未来一段时间货币政策的重要运行特征。

王青表示,央行政策工具使用上或存在“锁短放长”倾向。一方面,通过公开市场操作引导市场利率围绕指导利率运行,避免“大水漫灌”。同时,利用置换式降准、定向中期借贷便利及再贷款再贴现等结构性货币政策工具代替逆回购和MLF,精准把握流动性投向,向金融机构提供长期、稳定且成本较低的资金来源,引导长端利率适度下行,降低民营企业、小微企业信贷融资成本。


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