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冬季宝宝最多发的病是它!闻了呕吐物也会传染

2018-11-27 17:04:10   潇湘晨报 

冬季宝宝最多发的病是它!闻了呕吐物也会传染

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近日,大连一小学因出现诺如病毒感染,导致175名小学生集体呕吐、腹泻。每年11月到来年2月是诺如病毒的高发季,北京、长沙等多地疾控近日连发提醒,预计未来诺如病毒仍将高发。

湖南省人民医院新生儿科主任张爱民介绍,入冬以来,诺如病毒已发生多例。保持良好的手卫生是预防感染和控制传播最有效措施,应对诺如病毒一定要做到四早:早发现、早报告、早隔离、早处置。

“儿童感染以呕吐为主,学校幼儿园多发。”张爱民主任介绍,诺如病毒是“急性胃肠炎”者中常见的病原体,是全球急性胃肠炎散发病例和暴发疫情的主要致病原。每年11月到来年2月高发,发病以轻症为主,最常见症状是腹泻和呕吐,成人感染多以腹泻为主,儿童感染多以呕吐为主。其次为恶心、腹痛、头痛、发热、畏寒和肌肉酸痛等,极少数发展为重症。这种病毒主要发生在学校、幼儿园等人群聚集场所。

“诺如病毒是一种食源性病毒,主要污染贝类、水果、叶类蔬菜和饮用水,食物和水是它主要的传播载体。”张爱民主任表示,诺如病毒还可以通过接触患者的或被污染的物体表面传播,也可以通过患者的呕吐物、排泄物飞沫传播,有时闻了呕吐物气味也会感染。不过,诺如病毒感染虽然高发,但大多数患者症状相对较轻,如果出现脱水等症状较重的情况时应及时就医。一旦感染了诺如病毒,应隔离治疗,痊愈3天后方可解除隔离。

张爱民主任表示,最有效的预防措施是保持手卫生,饭前便后要洗手,食物未熟透,饮用水未煮沸,病毒也可能没被杀灭,病从口入伺机发病。

张爱民主任提醒:一旦发生呕吐、腹泻症状,患者应及时就医并隔离居家休息,避免传染给他人。在处理患者呕吐物等污染源时须戴口罩和手套,处理完后要及时用肥皂、消毒洗手液等消毒双手。诺如病毒目前还没有疫苗预防,也没有特定的药物,只能对症治疗。

“切忌滥用抗生素。”张爱民主任强调,口服补液盐和营养治疗都还是比较推荐的。另外,房间要保持通风,注意食具用具的消毒和食品的安全卫生。

潇湘晨报记者张树波通讯员周蓉荣

责任编辑:卢书敏 CN069
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