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孕妇产前接触有机磷 将影响婴儿大脑发育

2018-11-12 06:31:00    科技日报

科技日报华盛顿11月10日电 (记者刘海英)美国《公共科学图书馆·医学》杂志近期刊登的一篇研究报告称,有足够证据表明,孕妇产前低水平的有机磷暴露,会使婴儿面临认知和行为缺陷以及神经发育障碍的风险。为更好地保护儿童,各国政府应积极进行干预,逐步淘汰所有的有机磷农药。

报告指出,超过30项流行病学研究以及动物和细胞培养实验研究结果表明,婴儿出生前接触有机磷,即使是目前认为安全的水平,也会影响婴儿大脑的发育,导致其低智商,学习和记忆能力不足。

有机磷是指含有碳—磷键的有机化合物,最初是在20世纪30年代作为人类神经毒气剂被开发出来,有些后来被用作杀虫剂。此类杀虫剂可以攻击昆虫神经系统中的分子,通过阻断神经信号杀死害虫。而人们则可以通过食物、水以及空气接触到这些化学物质。大量接触有机磷化合物会导致急性中毒,严重者可致死。

虽然有许多证据表明有机磷有危害,但在许多地区,尤其是发展中国家,人们仍在广泛使用有机磷农药。此次研究报告主要作者、美国加州大学戴维斯分校环境健康科学中心主任厄玛·赫兹-皮乔托指出,造成这一状况的部分原因可能是持续的低水平有机磷接触通常不会导致可见的短期临床症状,导致人们错误地认为这些接触是无关紧要的。但研究表明,即使是低水平的有机磷暴露也会增加健康风险,尤其是对儿童来说,这种影响可能会持续一生。

研究报告指出,虽然一些国家已经开始限制有机磷农药的使用,但这还不够,为了保护全世界儿童,各国政府应逐步淘汰有机磷农药,从农业和非农业产品中去除有机磷,同时监测饮用水源的有机磷含量,建立农药使用和疾病报告制度,并加速开发无毒虫害控制方法。

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