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甲午海战沉舰经远舰水下考古 甲午海战真实见证

2018-09-21 13:52:26   新华社 

甲午海战沉舰

甲午海战沉舰

原标题:水下考古工作者找到甲午海战中沉没的“经远舰”

记者21日从国家文物局获悉,国家文物局水下文化遗产保护中心、辽宁省文物考古研究所、大连市文物考古研究所联合组队,在辽宁大连庄河海域开展水下考古调查工作,搜寻、发现并确认了甲午海战北洋水师沉舰——“经远舰”。

这是继 “致远舰”之后,我国甲午海战遗迹水下考古工作获得的又一重大成果。

“经远舰”由德国伏尔铿(Vulkan)造船厂建造,1887年底作为“致远舰”的僚舰,入编北洋水师。著名将领邓世昌、林永升分别出任两舰的管带(舰长)。1894年9月,中日甲午海战在黄海北部大东沟海域爆发,北洋水师战败,共损失战舰四艘。其中“经远舰”受到四艘日舰围攻,全舰官兵不畏强敌,英勇接战,直至最终沉没。全舰仅有十六人幸存,管带林永升及二百余名官兵捐躯殉国。

甲午海战沉舰

甲午海战沉舰

甲午海战遗迹是近年来我国水下考古工作重点之一。

本次经远舰水下考古调查工作分两个阶段:第一阶段,水下考古队利用多波束等仪器设备采集遗迹数据,结合潜水探摸,结合地方志文献研究,确认了“经远舰”的准确位置。

甲午海战沉舰

甲午海战沉舰

舰体位于水下12米处的海床上,呈倒扣状态,主体已被海底淤泥覆盖。

第二阶段,水下考古队在舰体外侧进行抽沙作业,逐步揭露出舰体结构,并发掘清理出水文物。

9月15日,考古队员在海床面以下5米处发现悬挂于舰舷外壁的木质髹金“經遠”舰名字牌,由此确证沉舰即为经远舰。

甲午海战沉舰

甲午海战沉舰

遗址中还发现一块木牌,清晰书有“經遠”二字。舰体前端保存了艏柱、锚链、舷板等遗迹,外围发现大量散落的舰体构件。

水下考古清理出铁、木、铜、铅、玻璃、陶瓷、皮革等材质各类遗物标本500余件,种类十分丰富,包括锅炉、斜桁、舷窗、舱门、铁甲堡衬木等舰体结构,毛瑟步枪子弹、左轮手枪子弹、37毫米炮弹、47毫米炮弹等武器装备,以及锉刀、扳手、旋柄等船载工具。

此外,遗址中还还发现了53毫米格鲁森炮弹、120 毫米炮弹引信等,均不见于“经远舰”出厂档案,推测为海战爆发前紧急添置的武器装备。

甲午海战沉舰

甲午海战沉舰

“经远舰”水下考古成果是近现代沉舰水下考古的又一重大发现,对于近代史、海军发展史、世界海战史研究具有极其重要的价值。

同时,“经远舰”是德国设计制造装甲巡洋舰的最早案例之一,它的发现为世界海军舰艇史的研究提供了弥足珍贵的实物资料。

甲午海战沉舰

甲午海战沉舰

与2014年发现的“致远舰”一样,“经远舰”沉舰遗迹是中日甲午海战真实见证,它的发现还原了一段悲壮历史,让我们缅怀英烈,警钟长鸣,铭记历史教训,进而发奋图强。

甲午海战沉舰

甲午海战沉舰

国家文物局将进一步加大指导和支持力度,督促辽宁省、大连市人民政府落实致远舰、经远舰保护措施,加大日常巡护力度,并继续组织开展黄渤海海域水下考古工作,及时向社会公布最新成果。

责任编辑:周晶晶 CN032
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