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“安全、不成瘾”? 第三代毒品害你没商量

2018-06-25 06:26:00    中国青年网

第三代毒品:新精神活性物质毒害巨大

据了解,自2009年兴起以来,新精神活性物质在全球不断泛滥。全球发现品种已从2012年的7类251种增加到2017年的9类800余种,报告发现的国家和地区由2012年的70个增加到2016年的107个。截至2017年,我国列管的新精神活性物质已达138种。这些鼓吹“安全、不成瘾”的毒品,事实上潜藏着巨大的危害性。

说起第三代毒品的危害,不由让人回忆起一则旧闻。2012年,美国迈阿密发生“啃脸事件”,一吸毒男子在吸食了新精神活性物质后产生幻觉,对街上的一个流浪汉发起攻击,导致流浪汉的脸被啃烂。

“这名男子所吸食的卡硒酮类具有兴奋和致幻作用,吸食后造成其急性中毒失去理智。这类物质外形类似‘浴盐’,危害很大。”云南警官学院教授昂钰介绍。据了解,近年来欧美国家已报告发生过上百起因吸食新精神活性物质致死的案例。

新精神活性物质拥有与管制毒品相似或更强的兴奋、致幻、麻醉等效果,不仅容易成瘾,而且难以戒断。中国人民公安大学教授李文君指出,这类毒品直接作用于中枢神经系统,严重影响吸毒人员的身心健康。在李文君看来,第三代毒品引发的社会危害主要表现为:全社会层面吸毒现象持续上升,毒品的销售传播途径变得更为广泛普及,非吸毒群体更容易接触毒品,首次尝试毒品行为维持在较高水平等。

吸食毒品后易引发重大交通事故、暴力杀人、劫持人质等社会治安问题,引发性病、艾滋病传播等公共卫生问题,这让对毒品问题的治理面临更为复杂的困境。据了解,新精神活性物质形态非常复杂,不需要像海洛因一样注射吸食,它们多以香料、花瓣、烟草及电子烟油等形态出现,味道也会被稀释在其中。昂钰指出,绝大多数新精神活性物质未列入国际管制目录,具有制造的主观故意性、法律上的非管制性、种类多样性、快速更新性和社会危害严重性等特点。

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