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猪流感可传染给狗 对人类的潜在威胁不容忽视

2018-06-07 14:14:45   科技日报 

原标题:警惕!猪流感病毒可以传染给狗

猪流感传染给狗

科技日报华盛顿6月5日电(记者刘海英)狗是人类的朋友,但中美两国一项合作研究表明,狗也可能成为大规模流感疫情的风险源。研究人员近日在美国微生物学会出版的《mBio》杂志上发表论文称,猪流感病毒不仅可以从猪传染到狗身上,还会重组形成新的病毒类型,这将对公共卫生安全构成潜在威胁。

流感病毒可以在不同动物间传播,当传播给人类时,如多数人对这些病毒没有免疫力,就会造成流感疫情。流感病毒的最主要动物宿主是鸟类(包括野生鸟类、家禽等)和猪,近年来常有禽流感或猪流感疫情在世界某一地暴发,造成公共卫生危机。虽然科学家在马和狗身上也发现了流感病毒,但并没有出现过由其传染给人类的情况。而新研究表明,我们低估了犬流感的威胁。

该项研究中,研究人员在中国广西从患呼吸道疾病的宠物狗身上采集了16个甲型流感病毒,经全基因组测序后发现,这些基因组中含有三种猪流感病毒(北美三重重组H3N2猪流感病毒、欧亚类禽流感H1N1猪流感病毒和大流行性H1N1猪流感病毒)谱系的片段。此外研究人员还发现,在猪源性H1N1病毒传播到狗身上后,会与亚洲犬中流行的犬流感病毒H3N2重组,产生三种新的病毒类型。研究人员称,新发现表明,亚洲犬中犬流感病毒的进化越来越复杂,病毒遗传多样性呈扩大趋势,这将对人类构成潜在威胁。

研究人员指出,人类与狗有着密切接触,犬流感的传播生态环境要远比猪流感复杂,虽然目前尚不清楚人类对新发现的犬流感病毒是否具有免疫力,但在病毒遗传多样性持续扩大情况下,其潜在威胁不容忽视,急需加强研究与监测,并对可能造成的流感疫情风险进行评估。

延伸阅读:

印度猪流感肆虐 八个月内共导致1094人死亡

据《印度时报》8月24日报道,印度猪流感造成的死亡人数已达到1094人。其中,有342人在过去三周内死于这种病毒性疾病。

印度联邦卫生部8月23日发布的最新猪流感数据显示,马哈拉施特拉邦和古吉拉特邦的疫情最为严重,分别有437和269人因此死亡。拉贾斯坦邦、喀拉拉邦和德里等地也报告了该病的高发病率。

印度全国传染病中心(NCDC)主任A·C·达里瓦尔博士(Dr A.C.Dhariwal)告诉《印度时报》,今年的H1N1流感病毒毒株与往年不同。达里瓦尔称,今年流行的病毒是密歇根毒株。之前,主要是加利福尼亚毒株。他说,这种新的毒株可能是导致发病率和死亡率上升的一个原因,但它尚未得到科学的证实。全印度医学研究院(AIIMS)和普纳国家病毒研究院(Pune's National Institute of Virology)也给出了同样的说法。

印度卫生服务部门的总干事贾格迪什·普拉萨德(Jagdish Prasad)说,中年人和那些患有糖尿病、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病或癌症的人,容易因猪流感而死亡。他还说,“这些人应该采取额外的预防措施。” (实习编译:郁琳玲 审稿:谭利娅)

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