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14秒内刹住600公里乘客舱 超级高铁“秒停”现实吗

2018-04-16 03:54:57    中国网

特斯拉又“搞事”了。

近日,《今日美国》网站报道称,特斯拉公司、SpaceX CEO埃隆·马斯克宣布,旗下“超级高铁乘客舱”将进行测试,目标运行速度为音速的一半,并在1.2公里内完成刹车。

这意味着,乘客舱要以约613公里的时速运行,14秒内“秒停”,减速度数值近重力加速度的1.2倍(1.2g)。

与马斯克对这项短距离测试“疯狂又兴奋”的感觉不同,人们更好奇“秒停”的可行性。

“秒停”不需“get”新技能

“14秒制动马斯克所提的乘客舱,技术上没问题。”“十三五”国家重点研发计划“中速磁浮交通系统关键技术研究”课题负责人、中车首席专家杨颖向科技日报记者表示。

国防科技大学磁浮技术工程研究中心教授李杰表达了类似看法,并告知“马斯克的超级高铁和我国高铁制动原理基本一致”。

在我国,高铁动车组采用复合制动。正常制动中,优先采用“再生制动”,即将电动机“反转”为发电机,把动车组动能转化为电能,通过接触网供应给相邻区间动车组使用。当动车组即将停站时,则改为与汽车制动盘工作原理一般的“机械制动”。高铁遭遇停电等故障,紧急制动也为“机械制动”模式。

此外,我国CRH380AM还使用了“风阻制动”,通过在列车端部升起风阻板,加大动车组空气阻力;德国、日本使用“涡流制动”,制动时将一套电磁铁置于钢轨上方,通电后,电磁铁与钢轨间产生涡流发热,将动能转为热能消耗掉。

“按马斯克所述,乘客舱质量约在几百公斤左右。动能是质量与速度平方的乘积。速度较大,但质量较小,制动要消耗的能量并不‘巨大’。以现有成熟的长定子驱动技术,实现‘秒停’不费力,‘再生制动’就可实现。”杨颖说。

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