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大量污泥未获妥善处置受多因素掣肘 恐产生二次污染

2018-02-13 05:25:56    中国青年网

国外有研究表明,有超过150种成分被证明存在于污泥中,这其中包括诸如铜、锌、铬、汞等重金属及盐类等难降解的有毒有害物质以及持久性有机污染物、环境持久性制药污染物、多环芳烃、挥发性有机化合物、环境外来物质等已知全部类型的环境污染物,此外污泥中还含有大量的寄生虫卵、病原微生物、病毒等。

“污泥可谓是藏污纳垢,千万不能小看。”武汉市水务局污水处一位负责人介绍,由于污水处理厂产出的污泥具有高含水率的特点,使得污泥中的污染物极有可能被雨水冲入水体,然后通过土壤污染地下水,而其散发的气味和挥发性有机物则会污染周边空气,同时污泥还会造成局部土壤的污染物浓度提高。治水不治泥、污染大转移,因此,较之垃圾,污泥对环境所产生的危害看似更为隐蔽,实则更直接、更难治理消除。

然而,就是这样一些污泥,却常常被大规模弃置在河湖、堤岸、沟壑甚至田地中。中国工程院院士侯立安研究指出,作为城市污水处理的衍生品,我国市政污泥年总产量逐年增大,目前已超过每年4000万吨, 由于“重水轻泥”、污泥处理处置未同步跟上,我国污水处理厂所产生的污泥有80%以上没有得到妥善处理。

污泥不加任何处理的弃置、不合理的处置都可能对人类健康和环境造成不可恢复的破坏和影响。侯立安以及同济大学环境科学与工程学院院长戴晓虎等专家表示,随着城镇人口增加,市政污水的处理量随之增大,污水的产物污泥也逐年增加,预计到2020年我国市政污泥年产量将达到6000万吨至9000万吨,如果这些污泥未能经过处理,势必成为引爆环境危机的“定时炸弹”。

污泥妥善处置受多因素掣肘

针对污泥处置中面临的问题,中央地方各级环保、住建、发改等部门先后出台了相关政策、法规和指南,明确了污泥环境管理的重要性,但受多重因素掣肘,大量市政污泥并未得到妥善处置。

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