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评论:算法推荐时代,“儿童邪典片”危害不可低估

2018-01-23 09:10:40   中国新闻网

新京报漫画/陈冬

  评论:算法推荐时代,“儿童邪典片”危害不可低估

邪恶短片一般由孩子喜欢的动画形象扮演,将变态片段穿插在吃饭、睡觉等场景中,久而久之,孩子们对于许多危险和暴力行为的容忍阈值就会降低,甚至可能会上瘾。

这几天,一篇题为《一群变态锁定观看YouTube的孩子,我以前为他们工作》的帖子,在网络上疯传。

文章去年11月发表在国外社交网站Reddit上,由台湾网友翻译成中文。文中提到,作者所在的动画制作公司把儿童熟悉的卡通人物包装成血腥暴力或软色情内容,甚至是虐童的动画或真人小短片。

日前,公安部已经注意到这类邪恶动画视频,表示“必予严惩”。而各大网站也已对涉及账号和内容进行删除下架和封号处理。无论是法律、平台,还是学校、家长,都该为消除这种污染行动起来。

早在去年7月,《纽约时报》就报道了YouTube上存在的少儿不宜的恶意动画短片,而这些影片,都被归在了儿童区域。该报道在北美引起强烈反响,并被称为“艾莎门事件”(Elsagate)。在社会抗议下,YouTube开始大规模下线这类视频、封禁账号。

随着Reddit这篇文章在中文互联网的走红,许多网友才第一回正视邪恶视频的存在,更让他们震惊的是,在腾讯视频、爱奇艺、优酷等国内视频软件上,他们也发现大量类似视频的存在。

这类视频之所以邪恶,一方面是因为其以儿童为主角和传播对象,但内容却充斥着各种暴力、折磨、虐待和软色情。其策略是,将这些变态行为合理化和日常化,比如将它们穿插在吃饭、睡觉、聊天等场景中,让打针、堕胎变得简单,让受侵害和被殴打就像吃饭一样平常。这样既合理化受虐和受侵害行为,也变相鼓励儿童做出残暴、变态的伤害他人的行为。

另外,它故意使儿童成瘾。这些视频无一例外都着重使用红、黄、绿等饱和度极高的颜色,看上去非常鲜艳亮丽。有研究者指出,这种鲜艳的颜色构成了孩子对世界的基础感官,更容易刺激儿童的大脑;这些色彩的排列组合使用,也容易让儿童上瘾。

在配乐和配音上,这些短片采用儿童更喜爱的明快的音乐、高亢欢快的配音,让儿童以为这与他们平时喜欢看的《冰雪奇缘》《喜羊羊与灰太狼》等并无二致。

并且,这些视频的主人公常常是由儿童喜爱的动画形象扮演,出现频率最高的比如艾莎公主、米老鼠、海绵宝宝等。因为孩子喜欢这些动画形象,由它们去做一些不正常的事,孩子们也更易接受,甚至认为这是正确的,可以模仿的。久而久之,孩子们对于许多危险和暴力行为的容忍阈值就会降低,并对这些行为上瘾。

在让儿童成瘾方面,现在流行的“算法”推荐难辞其咎。很多视频软件都在宣称自己的“算法”,标榜视频软件知道你喜欢什么;但讽刺的是,在很多时候,恰恰是这些“算法”向观看此类视频的人反复推荐相关视频,而孩子并无足够的辨别能力,只能被动接受。

很明显,这类邪恶视频的对象除了恋童癖以外,就是涉世未深、有自我探险心理需求的儿童。

在《童年的消逝》中,波兹曼曾无比恐慌电视加速儿童的成人化,“媒介利用通俗易懂的图像世界与全新的传播模式,向儿童一览无余地呈现原本只属于成人的秘密,将他们不曾提出的问题的答案一股脑地灌输给他们”。

而在网络高度发达的今天,何止是成年人的秘密,甚至是各种更邪恶、更丑陋、更危险的东西也都可能暴露在儿童面前。逆转网络潮流显然并不可能,我们只能竭力为儿童建立一个安全的防护网。

□曾于里(专栏作家)

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