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事关每个上班族!这项政策实施,你每月将多领一笔钱

2017-11-14 15:37:42   中国青年网

扩大参保范围、降低缴费费率、扩宽基金支出范围、提高保障水平……11月10日,人社部公布《失业保险条例(修订草案征求意见稿)》(以下简称《征求意见稿》),拟从八个方面对现行条例作出利好调整。

其中,《征求意见稿》中规定,失业人员在领取失业保险金期间,以个人身份自愿参加基本养老保险。失业人员应当缴纳的基本养老保险费和基本医疗保险费从失业保险基金中支付,个人不缴纳基本养老保险费和基本医疗保险费。

对此,首都经贸大学劳动经济学院吕学静教授在接受记者采访时称,《失业保险条例》已经实施了十几年,很多条款已经不适应当前社会形势,比如受众面太窄、保障水平不高等问题,都亟待作出调整。

保障范围拓宽费率下调

我国失业保险制度起步于1950年的失业救济,初建于1986年的国有企业职工待业保险,成型于1999年颁布实施的《失业保险条例》(以下简称“现行条例”)。实施以来,失业保险在着力保障失业人员基本生活,促进其再就业,助力各项重大改革等诸多方面,都发挥了重要作用。

人社部指出,现行条例实施中存在的一些新问题需要解决,面对的一些新期盼需要回应。如覆盖范围偏窄,未能充分满足我国城镇化进程的需求和反映就业形式多样化的现实;缴费水平偏高,中央减税降费支持实体经济发展的决策部署需要加快落实;失业保险基金支出范围偏窄,参保职工和参保企业希望进一步提升保障水平,扩大受益范围等。

一位不愿署名的专家告诉记者,现行条例限制条款较多,真正享受失业保险的人员较少,且个体之间的差异较大,有必要做一些调整。

据了解,《征求意见稿》共6章34条,相较现行条例主要有八个方面的修改。具体包括:

健全了制度功能,在现行条例基础上增加了“促就业”一项,并在立法目的中增加了“预防失业”;

扩大了适用范围,将社会团体、民办非企业单位等纳入进来;

降低了缴费费率,将3%的固定费率修改为不超过2%;

拓宽了基金支出范围,将基金支出范围扩大到预防失业领域;

提高了失业保障水平,增加了代缴基本养老保险费;

扩大了受益对象,将受益对象扩大到参保职工和参保企业;

统一了农民工和城镇职工的参保办法;完善了监督管理体系。

其中,《征求意见稿》规定失业人员的失业保险待遇共七项,分别是:

失业保险金、代缴基本养老保险费、代缴基本医疗保险费、死亡丧葬补助金和抚恤金、职业培训补贴、职业技能鉴定补贴、创业补贴。与现行条例相比,新增了为失业人员代缴基本养老保险费、职业技能鉴定补贴和创业补贴,将医疗补助金调整为代缴基本医疗保险费。

对此,人社部介绍,代缴基本养老保险费,解决了失业人员养老保险缴费中断的问题,解除了失业人员“老有所养”的问题;代缴基本医疗保险费,确保失业人员享受医疗保险待遇,解决了失业人员领金期间“病有所医”问题;增加职业技能鉴定补贴和创业补贴,激励失业人员提升技能,激发创业热情,尽快就业创业。

吕学静认为,代缴基本养老保险费等是新加入的条款,主要是与社会保险法对接,未来失业保险的基金支付也会增加。

弹性费率应对地区收支失调问题

人社部数据显示,从1999年至2017年9月,失业保险基金支出7000多亿元,为9435万人次提供了基本生活保障。2017年1月至9月,月人均失业保险金水平达到了1100元。

近年来,失业保险基金支出在不断增大,基金支出的增速明显超过收入的增速,甚至在一些地区已出现当期基金的收不抵支。

《2016年度人力资源和社会保障事业发展统计公报》显示,全年失业保险基金收入1229亿元,比上年下降10.2%,支出976亿元,比上年增长32.6%。年末失业保险基金累计结存5333亿元。

与此同时,近年来中央明确提出减税降费,降低企业成本,支持实体经济发展。自2015年起,经国务院同意,连续三次阶段性降低失业保险费率,2015年由3%降至2%,2016年降至1%~1.5%,2017年降至1%,执行到2018年4月30日。2015年和2016年两年降费,共减收失业保险费900亿元,2017年预计减收234亿元。

人社部指出,目前,基金运行总体平稳,但由于基金分布欠平衡,当期基金收不抵支的省份不断增多。长远看,1%的费率不足以维持制度可持续运行。

现行条例规定,用人单位及其职工分别按照本单位工资总额和本人工资的2%和1%缴纳失业保险费。《征求意见稿》规定:

“失业保险费由用人单位和职工分别按照本单位工资总额和本人工资的一定比例缴纳,用人单位和职工的缴费比例之和不得超过2%,具体缴费比例由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。在省、自治区、直辖市行政区域内,用人单位和职工的缴费比例应当统一。”

对此,人社部解释,《征求意见稿》将费率水平确定为不超过2%,是在总结长期实践经验,统筹考虑地区差异,反复测算基金收支的基础上作出的,既降低了用人单位成本,也能确保广大参保主体的权益,还能预防经济波动造成的大规模失业风险。兼顾了当前平稳运行和长远可持续发展,同时还为各地建立合理的费率调整机制预留了空间。

吕学静称,虽然失业保险费率降至1%,但这只是临时性下调,只有纳入到条例之中,才会成为一个相对长期的政策。

“《征求意见稿》将费率水平确定为不超过2%,究竟调到多少,当地根据自身收支情况会有自主权。各地可以根据当地的基金收支情况来调整费率,基金富余的地方费率会低,基金压力大的地方费率会相对高一点”,吕学静说。

好消息!提醒身边人!

展开全文
责任编辑:韩佟 CL1368
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