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香格里拉陨石寻找火热 “天外来客”归谁所有?

2017-10-13 11:22:53   

“科考队和古玩协会的人都来找过陨石。”李金华说,一外省古玩收藏协会6日到达尼西乡,主要是到尼西小学对学生和教师及周边村民进行陨石鉴别科普,收集“火流星”空爆当晚目击者拍摄的照片、视频等能够帮助确认陨石坠落事实的相关资料。该组织表示,如找到陨石后,可帮助检测、鉴别。

另据介绍,7日上午,一些相关科考机构的人员到达尼西乡,调查、了解陨石坠落相关情况,并入山寻找陨石。但他们没找到陨石,于8日离开。

“我们允许(相关科研组织)寻找,但要尊重当地风俗。如果有需要,我们还可以提供向导。”陈永平说,香格里拉市已要求尼西乡、五境乡的乡、村干部,对进入辖区寻找陨石的人员进行登记,包括人员身份、人数、目的。据了解,香格里拉林区范围广,森林防火压力较大。

此外,还有部分陨石收藏爱好者前往迪庆进行搜寻。对此,云南大学社会学教授金子强表示,这可以理解。但目前无法确定是否有流星体残骸;即使有残骸,其是否有放射性、是否包含有害物质都还不确定,“从个人安全角度来说,一些非专业人士贸然前往搜寻是不理性的。”

陨石归属何家?尚无定论

事实上,“火流星”在我国不是首次出现。“从科学研究的层面,我们希望能找到‘火流星’陨石的样本。”王晓彬说,找到样本后可进行陨石矿物质成分的甄别;还需要收集目击者拍摄的照片和视频,并据此推算它的轨道,再与现有小行星轨道数据库进行比对,找出对应体。

“收藏爱好者一般不具备科研能力,找到陨石交给科研机构才能发挥其最大价值。”金子强认为,太空领域研究是未来科学研究的重要领域,流星体残骸具有很高的科学研究价值,对于国家探索宇宙、发展航天事业意义重大,由科研机构占有并研究,比由公民个人占有更能发挥其价值。

不过,目前,我国就如何界定陨石这类“天外来客”的权属,存在三种观点。

一种认为归国家所有,按照《中华人民共和国物权法》第四十八条的规定,“森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等自然资源,属于国家所有。”但陨石是否属于自然资源,目前存在争议。

另一种认为,陨石应该适用“先占”原则,由“第一发现人”所有。该观点认为陨石属于无主物,先占者先取得所有权。但我国相关法律制度并未完善。

还有一种认为,应归属陨石降落地土地承包人、房屋所有人。但土地承包人仅享有承包延伸的权利,“陨石落到承包的土地上便可主张其所有权”缺乏法律依据。

“对于陨石这种外来物质的所有权,我国尚未有明确的法律规定。”云南凌云律师事务所副主任孙文杰说,目前,我国法律对化石、矿产资源、自然资源都有相关权属。陨石不是化石,也不是法律规定的矿产资源和自然资源或文物,并无特别法规定陨石的所有权问题。

金子强建议,如果有收藏爱好者发现流星体残骸,不要贸然行动,应及时告知有关部门进行处理。“此次,有人担心科研机构收集不到流星体残骸,这是文物保护意识提升的体现。如果能从此事相关思考中听取有益的建议,也是好事。”他说。

孙文杰建议,政府相关部门应当尽快出台相关法规,明确陨石的权属问题,并采取相关措施防止珍贵陨石资源流失。新华社“中国网事”记者杨静 林碧锋

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