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常纪文:生态文明建设的举措与成效
2017-09-22 07:38:07 中国经济网
在保障措施方面,绿色金融体系、环境保护投融资体系的推行,为绿色发展保驾护航。史上最严的《环境保护法》和其他环境法律法规,规定了企业自我监测、信息公开等义务,提高了罚款标准,规定了按日计罚、行政拘留、引咎辞职、连带责任等新制度。新《环境保护法》实施以来,几十万、几百万甚至更多的按日计罚对违法企业形成了威慑,数以千计的环境违法者被行政拘留甚至刑事拘留,一批党政官员因为环境失职被追究纪律、行政甚至刑事责任;一些环境污染和生态破坏企业被社会组织或者检察机关告上法庭,几千万甚至更多的环境损害赔偿金使得污染环境无利可图。总的来看,环境保护有法必依的氛围正在形成。通过建立自然资源资产负债表、领导干部自然资源资产离任审计、区域生态文明建设目标评价与考核、党政领导干部生态环境损害责任追究制度等,让地方党政领导更加尽职履责,真正推动环保工作取得积极进展。
在治理实效方面,通过优化区域的空间发展格局,区域环境风险正在通过规划环境影响评价和建设项目环境影响评价得到控制;通过中央环境保护督察、环境保护专项督查,“小散乱污”型企业正在被清理整顿,产业结构正在科学调整,工业技术正在转型升级;通过严肃问责,侵占自然保护区、破坏湿地、污染环境的现象被大力遏制,一批综合和特色的国家公园已经建立。统计数据表明,2016年京津冀地区PM2.5的平均浓度是71微克/立方米,比2013年下降33%,治理效果有目共睹。人民群众在具体、生动的生态文明实践中感受到了环保效果,全社会的环境保护获得感不断增强,生态文明建设的共识不断深入。
总之,目前生态文明制度体系的四梁八柱基本建立,资源节约、能源有效利用、环境友好的关键体制、制度和机制已经初步创建,成效不断显现。这些成效得益于党对生态文明建设和改革的高度重视,得益于党政同责和中央环境保护督察两大利剑的威慑作用,得益于环境共治体制、制度和机制的推进。在今后,可以考虑对现行的生态文明建设和改革措施进行全面的评估,扬长补短,针对现实的重点难点问题、制度构建的薄弱环节和体制、制度运行中的梗阻问题,加强体制优化、制度整合和机制创新,确保生态文明建设与体制改革不断取得更大的实效。
(原文来源:经济日报 作者:常纪文 国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所副所长)
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