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【迎接党的十九大】中欧班列(武汉):提升运能质量的中欧班列

2017-09-21 05:36:57   中国经济网

如今,中欧班列(武汉)开行以来,承运货运60%来自省内,40%来自华南、东南地区,彻底改变了过去内陆地区外贸出口依靠沿海地区走向世界的“一江春水向东流”的格局。

日常运营谁是关键

中欧班列(武汉)之所以实现快速常态化运行,并且名列前茅,与铁路、海关等部门的服务保障分不开,但运营主体汉欧国际物流公司的成立起到了更为关键的作用。

“当初,为了能让中欧班列快速实现常态化运营,武汉市的2家国有物流企业合并成立汉欧国际物流公司,成为中欧班列(武汉)的运营主体。”武汉市交委的石必晶介绍说。

2012年10月中欧班列(武汉)开通试运行,2013年恢复重建铁路口岸,2014年成立汉欧国际物流公司,开始常态化运营,2015年实行双向常态化运营,2016年增设境外机构,进一步辐射延伸线路。

汉欧公司是如何操作的呢?

在中欧班列的发展壮大过程中,汉欧也在不断地转变角色。“开始是单纯的运输企业,让中欧班列先开起来,后来为了能让中欧班列常态化运营,汉欧就变身为国际物流公司。”汉欧国际物流公司副总经理谢琪说。

为了提升市场化运能,汉欧开始建设境内外物流园区及海外仓,覆盖乌克兰等东欧国家,并正积极推进东西湖汉欧国际物流园、白俄罗斯布列斯特国际分拨中心项目。

仅建物流园区不行,还要增强平台的自主发展和自我造血能力,汉欧进入了国际贸易领域。利用境外营销网络机构等方面的优势,汉欧加大“一带一路”沿线国家和地区优质产品的引进力度,把欧亚大陆优质安全的食品平价送上市民餐桌。同时,积极组织中部农产品出口,让欧洲的华人群体可以尝到国内的食品。

离开补贴能否开行

补贴是中欧班列发展中绕不开的问题,在武汉也同样存在。如何能离开补贴,形成自身“造血”功能,中欧班列(武汉)正在探索尝试。

中欧班列(武汉)的补贴是由武汉市政府直接将补贴发放给运营主体,也就是汉欧公司,由汉欧公司来安排补贴的去处。

之所以前期给予补贴,是培育市场之需,也是合理的。“以武汉为例,目前中欧班列每年对汉欧公司都有考核的指标,达到标准每年可有1亿至2亿元补贴。”石必晶说,这确实是全国中欧班列快速发展的原因之一。

但中欧班列仍是市场行为,企业终归要回归市场。因此,各地政府一方面给予补贴、引导市场,另一方面也希望企业尽快自力更生,形成自身的造血功能。石必晶说,这需要给企业一些时间,然后再退出补贴,目前,武汉在补贴基本未增长的情况下,班列还保持了快速增长,也说明企业的造血能力在不断增强。

“国外对我国的中欧班列是非常感兴趣的,市交委每个月都要接待有关外国负责人来考察,都希望中欧班列可以在他们的城市设站。”石必晶说。

再看国内亦是如此,玖通达物流联盟董事长王其耿最近两年贴钱做的一件事就是引导物流公司往铁路发展。王其耿说,目前武汉已经成“大米字形”和“小米字形”的交通网络,正是物流行业发展多式联运、降本增效的好时机。

“等到时机成熟,离开补贴中欧班列也可以运营得更好,这点我们有信心。”石必晶说。

(经济日报采访组 采访组成员:孙世芳 顾 阳 齐 慧 暴媛媛 执笔:齐 慧)

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