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中国富豪身体状况堪忧 财富传承三大模式各存利弊

2017-09-19 14:13:50   中国经济周刊

第二是经营和管理能力,以及处理和职业经理人之间关系的能力。第二代接班时还会大量掌控经营权,但是到第三代接班时,一定会出现经营权和所有权的进一步分离,更多的经营权掌握在职业经理人手中,这将是未来的趋势,但也是顶级富豪们要过的心理关卡。

第三个是日益凸显的独生子女问题。在第一批面临接班人问题的中国富豪阵营里,大部分人只有一个孩子。因此,很多顶级财富家族企业接班候选人偏少。有限的选择机会可能会妨碍企业的专业化和持续发展,无以为继甚至成为一种常态。

任志强曾经说:“家庭有如王朝,同样存在着竞争与继承的问题,尤其是如今改革开放之后出现许多个体户和家族式的企业,都存在着发展与继承的问题,但独生子女政策却让这种继承变成了唯一,变成了没有竞争的享有。”

 三种接班模式的利弊

目前“富二代”接班主要有三种模式:一是先留学海外,之后逐渐积累企业管理经验,以初步试点为平台,逐步接班;二是在国内顶级教育培训机构“镀金”之后,空降到企业担任高层,掌握实权;三是从基层干起,通过多个层面的历练,最后掌权。

宗馥莉、碧桂园的杨惠妍、新希望的刘畅等属于第一类。

合生创展集团朱孟依逐步向女儿朱桔榕交班可归为第二类。

朱桔榕20岁就开始在集团担任总裁助理,分管合生财务、人力行政管理等方面工作。2012年,23岁的朱桔榕尚就读于中国人民大学金融学专业,接任合生创展集团常务副总裁;2013年7月,担任公司董事局副主席职务。

相比而言,30多岁便接任广厦控股集团董事局主席的楼明,并无海外留学经历,也不具备空降色彩。他最初在部队服役,后进入父辈开创的企业,从基层干起,逐步接手庞大的企业集团,于2011年担任集团董事局主席,属于第三类。

观察人士表示,这三类接班都存在一定的问题,尤其是前两类,主要面临的就是所有者与经营者的矛盾,即企业创始家族与职业经理人的矛盾。很多并无太多历练的“富二代”突居高位,而一旦关系稍微处理不善,势必会引起职业经理人的不满。

当然,接班只是第一步,对于传承巨额财富的“富二代”而言,今后的路还很长。

观察人士表示,对于企业传承而言,“二代”是关键,“三代”更是一个大难题。“二代”们起码看到了父母们一路艰辛的创业,能体会到父辈们的不易和辛苦,因此会感悟到一种责任。而“三代”及之后的传承人从小过的完全是另一种生活,很多艰辛他们根本无法体会无法理解。所以财富的传承,必然是一代难过一代。从国际社会来看,一些大型企业在不断做大与传承的过程中,必然是股权不断稀释,管理层持股和控制权不断增加。

责任编辑:周晶晶 CN032
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