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我国轮作休耕面积达1200万亩 192个县市参与试点

2017-09-17 07:51:37   中国经济网

试点地区加大力度,开展化肥农药使用量零增长行动,效果明显。去年我国首次实现化肥利用量负增长,减少了19万吨,同时农药使用已经两年实现负增长。目前,全国化肥利用率为35.2%,农药利用率是36.6%,要力争到2020年主要农作物化肥农药使用量实现零增长,利用率提高到40%以上。

政策创设接地气

从试点情况看,让过累的耕地歇口气,推进发展方式转变,政策创设上需要接地气,需要不断创新。

合理确定补助标准。补助以农民实际减少作物生产的损失为前提分类实施,区别化对待。比方,在河北地下水漏斗区、西南西北生态严重退化地区,一季休耕每亩补助500元,湖南重金属污染区休耕两季每亩补助800元。另外,对承担轮作休耕任务农户原有的种植作物收益和土地管护投入给予适当补助。

农业部种植业司司长曾衍德表示,补助既不能过高,更不能过低。要考虑地区间收入的平衡,综合考虑不同区域间经济发展水平、农民收入、市场价格等因素,特别是要考虑中西部地区和东部地区收入差异,合理测算轮作休耕补助标准。

补助对象要精准。开展轮作休耕都要签订协议,明确相关权利、责任和义务。资金要补给生产者,当前一些地方,土地承包比例越来越高,轮作休耕试点要加强政策宣传、明确协议内容,将补助资金发给实际生产经营者,而不是土地承包者,提高补助的精准性。另外,对承担休耕任务的农户原有作物种植收益和土地管护投入给予必要补助,要防止出现拿了补助又不轮作休耕的情况。

创新补助方式。允许地方在平均补助水平不变的情况下,根据试点目标和实际工作的需要,建立对农户实施轮作休耕效果的评价标准和体系,以评价结果为重要依据,实行保基本、重实效的补助发放制度。鼓励各地结合国家重点项目建设,将耕地轮作休耕制度试点与农业示范区、绿色高产高效创建,国家级扶贫开发重点县建设和农业可持续发展示范区的建设结合起来,通过整合项目、集约资金,提高轮作休耕制度试点的政策实施效果。

轮作休耕制度推进,要做在细处,落到实处。开展耕地轮作休耕制度试点,是农地耕作制度化的探索,目标是要形成一套可复制、可推广的组织方式、政策体系和技术模式,在更大范围、更高层次上推广应用,寻求政策创设新的突破。

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