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刘元春:坚定不移深化供给侧结构性改革

2017-09-15 07:16:52   中国经济网

一分部署,九分落实。深化改革的关键不仅在于顶层设计的科学性,更在各类改革理论、改革蓝图和改革方案的落实,特别是在顶层设计基本完成,改革的四梁八柱已经确立,供给侧结构性改革已经取得一定成绩的新时期,狠抓落实是坚定不移深化供给侧结构性改革的关键环节。

第一,要根据不同阶段的主要矛盾来安排深化供给侧结构性改革的核心任务。随着“稳增长”取得阶段性胜利,“L”型经济调整模式步入底部运行阶段,“控风险”成为未来一段时期短期调控和改革关注的重点。这就要求供给侧结构性改革必须聚焦到可能引发系统性金融风险的几大领域之上,如债务高企的问题、资金脱实向虚的问题等。

第二,要通过问题导向的改革调整,逐步触及新常态深层次的结构性和制度性问题,开启基础性和引领性的制度改革,拓展供给侧结构性改革的深度和广度。这就要求我们,一是要探索目前各类凸显问题的深层次原因;二是要探索解决深层问题的各类基础性改革的步骤和可行的方案;三是要将各类供给侧结构性改革与基础性引领性改革和机制调整有机结合起来,使供给侧结构性改革能够建立在坚实的机制和体制基础之上。比如,采取正确方略和有效办法推进五大重点任务,去产能和去杠杆的关键是深化国有企业和金融部门的基础性改革,去库存和补短板的指向要同有序引导城镇化进程和农民工市民化有机结合起来,降成本的重点是增加劳动力市场灵活性、抑制资产泡沫和降低宏观税负。因此,供给侧结构性改革的深化,在改革的广度和深度上也必须作出拓展。

第三,要瞄准供给侧结构性改革的核心重点和主抓方向。习近平总书记在“7·26”重要讲话中指出,“抓住重点带动面上工作,是唯物辩证法的要求,也是我们党在革命、建设、改革进程中一贯倡导和坚持的方法。”从目前中国经济发展新常态的新特征和新问题出发,未来工作重点应当包括以下几个方面:一是要明确振兴实体经济是供给侧结构性改革的主要任务,供给侧结构性改革要向振兴实体经济发力、聚力;二是要明确在去产能方面必须抓住处置“僵尸企业”这个牛鼻子;三是在去库存方面应以三四线城市房地产库存为重点;四是在去杠杆方面必须以降低企业杠杆率为重中之重;五是在降成本方面必须加大减税、降费和降低要素成本的力度;六是在补短板方面要从严重制约经济社会发展的重要领域和关键环节、从人民群众迫切需要解决的突出问题着手。这种转变集中体现总书记所强调的“既抓重要领域、重要任务、重要试点,又抓关键主体、关键环节、关键节点,以重点带动全局”的要求。

第四,必须在狠抓落实的基础上,发挥基层创新的积极性,使供给侧结构性改革在实施模式创新的基础上提高改革的成效。抓好重大改革顶层设计,也要充分调动地方和基层推动改革的积极性和主动性。目前深化供给侧结构性改革有时面临两难困境——要么顶层设计难以落地,改革流于空转;要么行政化色彩较重,在“一刀切”之中带来后遗症。而破解这个两难困境的重要方法就是在解决“为官不为”的基础上,建立基层改革创新的微观激励体系,使各地政府和经济主体能够进行改革创新、大胆探索,防止“改革中梗阻”,打通改革“最后一公里”。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:中国人民大学副校长 刘元春)

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