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党报三问租购同权:租房真能上名校? 租金会涨吗?

2017-09-11 07:26:38   中国经济网

仔细观察不难发现,此番推动“租购同权”的城市大多并非人口流入压力最凸显、租房者扩权需求最强烈的城市。正如中国城市和小城镇改革发展中心理事长李铁所说,像北京这样的一线城市,控制人口、控制土地供应、控制户籍等措施,事实上就是对“权”的限制,“租购同权”的实施还面临着许多刚性制约。

从另一方面看,“租购同权”也非“盲目画饼”,而是大势所趋、现实所需。

“中央提出, 房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的 。既然是住 ,除了自有产权的房子之外,租赁住房也是解决 住有所居 的一种重要方式。”任兴洲认为,“当前我国要建立房地产市场健康稳定发展的长效机制,一个重要举措就是通过租售并举来满足城镇各类人群的住房需求,而要使 租售并举 落到实处, 租购同权 势必要提上重要的议事日程。”

“过去,我国城镇中有一些福利和享用公共资源的权利附着在产权住房之上,比如买了房子就更容易落户,落户后孩子就有享受在 学区 入学的权利。再加上购房会带来 财富效益 ,升值空间大,人们就会更踊跃地购房。尤其在供需矛盾比较突出的一、二线城市,购房需求越来越旺,房价容易出现过快上涨。而租赁住房者很难享有教育等公共资源。”在任兴洲看来,如果让租房者也能逐步享受到同等的公共资源,这些人群就不一定非挤到购房的“独木桥”上,“这样一来,人们买房会更加理性,有利于房地产市场平稳良性发展。”

租购同权会推动租金上涨吗?

目前各地新政在“同权”方面仍留有较高准入门槛。只要收入水平没有大幅调整,租金水平就不会有太大变化

“前几个月,全家一到周末,就四处看房、谈合同。 租购同权 的信号一出来,我们就把买房计划搁置起来了。先观望观望,看看市场是个什么走势。”袁倩的邻居王海一家目前还在租房,“幸好小区幼儿园的学位充足,闺女能就近入园,可几年后上小学咋办?都抢着上好学校,不买房能挤到前面吗?”王海坦言现在的心情很微妙,“房子肯定还是要买的,只不过希望 租购同权 能让房价有所松动。”

同样心情微妙的还有已经“上车”的有房一族。“如果租房者权利提高了,那租金是不是就能涨?可如果大家都被吸引着去租房,房产本身的价值会不会缩水?”相关细则没出来,袁倩现在也拿不太准。

“租购同权”,到底会给住房市场带来怎样的影响?“可能会给市场带来短期波动,但绝不该夸大它的效应。”链家研究院院长杨现领认为,目前各地新政在“同权”方面仍留有较高的准入门槛,带来的实质性改变并不大。更重要的是,决定一个地区房租水平的核心因素是当地人的平均收入水平。“根据我们的分析,国内租房者一般会将个人收入中的1/3左右拿来租房。二线城市租金收入比一般不超过25%,三四线普遍在20%以下。如果租金过高,就会导致换租。只要收入水平没有大幅调整,租金水平并不会有太大变化。”

“ 租购同权 最大的意义不在于对市场的影响,而在于解决年轻人的刚性居住需求,让租房也能成为一种体面的生活方式。”杨现领认为,落实“租购同权”还应该更接地气,重点考虑新市民眼下最迫切的需求,“首先要解决能方便办理居住证、不被房东随意驱赶、不被随意涨租金、孕妇可以生孩子等问题。只有这样,他们才可能在城市站稳脚跟,下一步才会产生对学区的需求。”

任兴洲认为,“租购同权”绝不单是一个住房问题,更取决于我国城市公共服务供给能力的提升和管理能力的现代化,尤其是在教育制度和相关资源的供给方面。现在人口流动越来越快,但义务教育资金投入在不同省份之间很难流动起来。应逐步改变这种机制,使人口流入地获得相应义务教育的财力支持,让其有足够的能力改善当地教育条件,增加优质公共资源的供给。“同时,还要做好配套的制度设计,避免造成过度的人口 虹吸效应 ,加重 大城市病 。因此,与租购同权相伴随的,必须是一系列体制机制的改革和相关的制度安排。”

(原标题:“租购同权”会改变什么?(经济热点))

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