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我国首个5兆瓦以上大功率海上风电场即将并网发电

2017-09-10 07:21:39   中国经济网

据悉,项目2019年12月份达成后,将年产5兆瓦以上风电机组150万千瓦,年产值超过100亿元。目前金风科技、江苏中车、西安风电、LM公司和GE公司已签署入园协议或意向协议。

“大容量风机关键技术在我国已取得突破,产业发展条件已经具备,一个高起点、大容量、全产业链的海上风电产业基地正在福建形成。”三峡集团董事长卢纯说。

我国独具发展优势

海上风电虽然起步较晚,但凭借海风资源的稳定性和大发电功率的特点,近年来正在世界各地飞速发展。最新数据显示,风能发电占全球可再生资源发电量的16%,仅次于水力发电。

据全球风能理事会(GWEC)统计,2016年全球海上风电新增装机221.9万千瓦,全球14个市场的海上风电装机容量累计1438.4万千瓦。英国是世界上最大的海上风电市场,装机容量约占全球的36%;其次是德国,占29%。2016年,中国海上风电装机量占全球的11%,取代了丹麦,跃居第三位。

“我国拥有发展海上风电的天然优势,海岸线长达1.8万公里,可利用海域面积300多万平方公里,海上风能资源丰富。”孙强表示,根据中国气象局风能资源详查初步成果,我国5米至25米水深线以内近海区域、海平面以上50米高度范围内,风电可装机容量约2亿千瓦时。由此显示出,海上风电是我国发电行业的未来发展方向。

2016年,我国陆上风电新增装机容量有所回落;同时,海上风电装机实现大幅度增长。据中国风能协会统计,2016年,我国海上风电新增装机(吊装量)154台,容量达59万千瓦,比上年增长64%;累计装机量达163万千瓦,居全球第三位。

雷增卷表示,我国陆上风电主要位于西北部地区,当地消纳能力有限,对外输送依赖于特高压输电线路。海上风电可发展区域主要集中在经济发达的东部沿海地区,大力发展海上风电,不仅可以满足东部用电需求,陆、海风电相结合,将加快我国绿色发电步伐。

记者了解到,按规划,到2020年我国将建设海上风电1500万千瓦(包括建成500万千瓦,在建1000万千瓦)。在此基础上,国家还明确了海上风电场0.85元/千瓦时以及潮间带风电场0.75元/千瓦时的电价政策。同时,一批海上风电示范项目陆续建成,设备技术水平不断提高。

产业处于起步阶段

“我国海上风电发展仍处于初期,勘测设计、建设管理、运行维护、技术创新、产业融资等方面还不太成熟。”三峡集团副总经理毕亚雄认为,产业链上下游要联合起来,共同促进海上风电产业链全面融合发展。

“海上风电开发涉及军事、环保、旅游、渔业、生态和航运等众多部门。”孙强说,由于规划制定过程中缺乏有效沟通,导致规划之间的不同步、不配套现象日益严重,有些因素或导致企业前期投入浪费,造成巨大经济损失。

海上风电项目电价回收周期长,经营成本压力较大。以三峡集团响水近海风电场为例,截至2017年5月31日,累计上网电量3.91亿千瓦时,应收电费3.32亿元;但目前只收回标杆电价部分的1.48亿元,补贴电费部分正在申报国家第七批补贴名录,由于补贴电费金额大、回收周期长,造成企业经营压力。

与陆上风电相比,海上风电的后期运维成本也要高出不少。欧洲海上风电场运营维护历经近20年发展,已形成完整产业链,但目前国内海上风电尚无长期运营经验和成本数据积累,运维成本仅靠预估,有很大不确定性。

此外,当风机大部件发生故障需要更换或维修时,须租赁大型专业作业船舶,不仅费用高,而且受海况、天气影响较大,导致海上风电场运维周期长、成本不可控的特点明显。经济日报·中国经济网记者 王轶辰

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