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四川发现罕见“冥界之花”?初步确定属水晶兰亚科

2017-09-07 16:07:07   中国青年网

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腐生植物 偏好幽暗

昨日,达州市林业与园林局高级工程师于长春通过对比和查阅资料,称这是水晶兰。但是,成都植物园高级工程师李方文在查看照片后,认为这是球果假水晶兰,系杜鹃花目鹿蹄草科、假水晶兰属腐生草本植物,多年生,全株无毛,干后变黑,肉质,或顶部稍有毛。生于海拔900-3100米的针阔混交林或阔叶林下。

水晶兰与球果假水晶兰有什么区别呢?据介绍,假水晶兰和水晶兰是同属鹿蹄草科的腐生植物,亲缘关系十分接近,相当于“姐妹”,因此光从外形上看,很难区别。两者的区别主要在于子房构造不同。“没有实物,也不能看到子房内部,只能从外形上初步判断。”李方文说。

河北保定市易县林业局工作人员谢玉常曾在2014年发文《幽林白精灵》,详细介绍水晶兰,其在文中称,水晶兰晶莹洁白,却生长在幽暗潮湿的密林;货真价实的植物,全身上下却没有一个叶绿素,全靠“他人”养活。在自然界中,水晶兰多为数株聚生,少数独出,全株高约10厘米~15厘米。在千万年的进化中,水晶兰的叶子进化成白色半透明鳞片,如一层薄如蝉翼的纱包裹在洁白的茎上。晶莹剔透的多重花瓣像一朵盛开的玫瑰。每年6月~9月是这些花儿脑袋低垂的时候,也是它们刚刚出土不久之时。等到蜜蜂前来拜访时,它们才会逐渐昂起头来,最后长出野生动物喜爱的浆果。完成传播种子的任务后,它们将变成一根根灰黑的“火柴头”。

水晶兰生活在幽暗潮湿的枯枝落叶之间,和其他腐生生物一样从死亡的生物身上汲取养分。水晶兰全株没有叶绿素,因此不能进行光合作用,它获取食物的奥秘就在脚下的腐叶堆里。水晶兰的根部与菌根类似,其实就是模仿真菌的菌根,并探进真菌的根内吸收营养。像水晶兰这种寄生在腐生真菌身上的植物,在植物界中不多见。

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