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菲佣入境的隐秘江湖:中介做菲佣“生意”年赚千万

2017-09-04 14:56:49   中国经济网

鉴于“菲佣”名气响,因此雇主对菲佣的需求较多。而李兰的“牛头”渠道多为印尼这边,因此她往往通过她的上家——魏文、黄娟等人来招录菲律宾佣人。“一般对方会把菲佣的简历和照片在微信上发给我,我相中了就给定金2万,等人带到中国后,再支付剩下的尾款4万8千元。”

由于不能从菲律宾直飞中国,因此菲佣多是先飞吉隆坡或中国香港,再转机。魏文、黄娟负责在菲律宾通过提交虚假公司商务邀请函,为外佣办理商务签证和续签服务,让外佣顺利进入国内,他们从中赚取7万元左右的中介费。

此外,持有M签证的外佣存在“一次办理可两次入境”的类型,持这种签证的外佣需在第一次入境90天满期前出境一次,便可在境内再待90天。为让这些在雇主家中做得很不错的外佣继续履行合同,李兰会派人在90天期满前,看管外佣去中国香港、澳门以及韩国济州岛等地。由于事先买好来回机票,他们到这些地方在签证上盖好章后,继续返回雇主家中做保姆,从而再能“合法”停留大陆90天。整个停留时间有半年之久。

国内中介对“外佣”监管非常严格

“牛头”介绍外佣到中国做保姆,约定不需支付中介费,但每月工资5100元。而在签证和续签环节,中介还向外佣收取2.1万作为回国的机票和罚款。

办案检察官指出,入境后,菲佣的人身自由也受限。从印尼过来的佣人多持L旅游签证,30天后即到期。签证过期后,来华打工的“外佣”就成为了非法滞留的“黑户”,因此菲佣如“惊弓之鸟”,生活境遇较为困难。

据李兰交代,招录的外佣中出现过潜逃的情况。雇主在招聘外佣后,1名外佣就趁机逃走,在国内“黑”下来,这就对社会治安构成了隐患。

为防止外佣被发现,也担心外佣寻找其他中介、断了自己财路,李兰等中介对外佣监管非常严格。外佣均被统一安排到租住宿舍中,不能随意出入行动,外出必须由工作人员陪同;外佣手机和护照都被收掉,且手机会被装定位装置,防止互相留下联系方式。即使进入雇主家中工作,外佣亦被反复告诫千万不能给陌生人开门,未经雇主同意不可随意出门,不可随意和陌生人说话。

灰色地带雇主存在多重法律风险

鉴于菲律宾、印尼佣人多以英语为母语,因此雇主不乏中国香港、韩国等境外人士,地点分布于上海、北京、大连、重庆等城市。

但是,我国目前法律法规并不允许外籍务工人员进入国内家政服务市场,他们在中国无法取得“工作签证”。所以,外佣的雇主与中介签订合同事由违法,不受法律保护。办案检察官指出,雇主在明知雇佣外佣为违法情形下,与中介签订的咨询合同以及和外佣签订的雇佣合同均不受法律保护,势必在自身财产、人身安全上存在安全隐患。李兰这个公司为规避法律风险,将公司与雇主之间的合同全数销毁,避免法律追究。

而且,所谓的“菲佣”,多是直接从当地招聘过来的普通妇女,并非经过系统学习的正规“菲佣”。入境后,经过四五天适应性培训就火速上岗,难免存在服务能力弱、适应能力差、身体健康问题成谜等问题。

针对当前外佣入境和就业存在的问题,苏州市吴中区人民检察院提出三点检察建议:一是借鉴“菲式”经验,打造国内高端家政服务业。二是加强对于外佣出入境管理的监管。建议出入境管理局、海关等部门加强入境审查,重点对菲律宾、印度尼西亚等国女性入境,实施更为严格检查,对其邀请函进行详细询问和真实性检查,从源头上防止非法入境现象产生。三是加强对中介业务的监管力度,行政机关应该加强对中介业务、中介合同的巡查,及时取缔中介公司外佣介绍、赴美生子业务,及时发现中介公司违法操作、违规合同。设立“清退”、“从业禁止”等办法,让屡教不改、情节严重的“黑中介”从市场中彻底出局。(文中犯罪嫌疑人为化名)(通讯员 周珊 郭威 记者 于英杰)

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