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“8·11”汇改两周年 人民币汇率走出贬值通道 告别“浮动恐惧”

2017-08-22 06:40:29   中国经济网

这其中,离不开人民币汇率中间价形成机制的微调。今年以来,以中国工商银行为“牵头行”的外汇市场自律机制“汇率工作组”建议将中间价报价模型调整为“收盘价+一篮子货币汇率变化+逆周期因子”。这一建议得到了外汇市场自律机制核心成员的赞同,并于2017年5月末开始实施。

从运行情况看,中国人民银行发布的《2017年第二季度中国货币政策执行报告》认为,这一新机制有效抑制了外汇市场上的“羊群效应”,增强了我国宏观经济等基本面因素在人民币汇率形成中的作用,保持了人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。

在中间价报价模型中引入“逆周期因子”并非逆市场而行,而是在尊重市场的前提下促进市场行为更加理性。这对于人民币汇率市场化形成机制的进一步优化和完善具有重要意义:一是有助于中间价更好地反映宏观经济基本面;二是有助于对冲外汇市场的顺周期波动,使中间价更加充分地反映市场供求的合理变化;三是完善后的中间价报价机制保持了较高的规则性和透明度。

管涛认为,2017年以来,人民币对美元汇率没有像市场预期那样走低,反而前7个月累计升值了3%以上。这既有国内经济企稳、外部美元走弱等基本面变化的原因,又有跨境监管政策完善的影响,同时也离不开人民币汇率企稳本身对于市场信心的提振作用。

改革仍在路上

“8·11”汇改提高了汇率中间价的市场化水平,增强了透明度,增加汇率弹性。但业内专家认为,目前也还存在一些挑战,比如市场各方对波动的容忍度还有待提高,市场的沟通也有待进一步改善。

进一步提升人民币汇率弹性是当前各方呼声较高的要求。过去一段时间,人民币汇率在双向波动中保持基本稳定,人民币对一篮子货币窄幅波动,人民币兑美元呈现有升有贬的双向波动。观察人民币对美元汇率的中间价,就会发现当前人民币波动幅度依然较小。下一步,改革仍将以完善汇率形成机制、增强汇率弹性为核心。

管涛指出,相关部门必须战胜“有压力时不敢动,没压力时又不想动的‘浮动恐惧’”,抓住当前外汇供求基本平衡、汇率水平基本合理的有利时机,积极推动相关改革。同时,比较“8·11”汇改前后的实践经验,在形势相对有利时,改革风险相对较小,而在形势相对不利时,改革风险相对较大,需要更加小心谋划。管涛强调,实践中汇改难以选择所谓的最佳时机。汇率政策不论是稳定、浮动还是有管理浮动,都不可能是无痛的选择,关键是要在情景分析、压力测试基础上,做好应对预案,从最坏处打算,争取最好的结果。

近期,全国金融工作会议指出,要“深化人民币汇率形成机制改革,稳步推进人民币国际化,稳步实现资本项目可兑换”。中国民生银行研究院院长黄剑辉认为,人民币汇率走出贬值通道,为进一步推进金融改革与开放提供了良好的外部宏观环境。他预计,随着人民币汇率市场化形成机制改革的推进,未来人民币汇率弹性将进一步加大,并逐步实现宽幅双向波动,短期的升值与贬值都将是市场在实现内外部均衡过程中的正常表现。

中国人民银行副行长、国家外汇管理局局长潘功胜表示,下一步,要继续稳步推进人民币汇率形成机制改革,不断提高汇率政策的规则性、透明性,引导市场预期,保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平下的基本稳定。同时,根据外汇市场供求关系的变化,进一步增强汇率弹性,保持汇率在调节国际收支平衡中的功能。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 陈果静)

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