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一代浙商渐老 75%民营家族企业10内面临交班问题

2017-08-16 07:43:11   中国青年网

正因如此,“富不过三代”的说法在世界范围内都广泛存在,只是表述略有不同。对于,二代为什么不愿接班?基于前期的调研和访谈,窦所长概括了这样五个方面:

一是想获得更大的独立空间,宁愿选择在家族的支持下去独立创业,这部分二代通常怕被扣上“败家子”的帽子;

二是对父辈的产业不感兴趣,很多一代浙商都是传统产业,并且在乡下。比如茅忠群(方太董事长茅理翔的儿子)当年选择回家“接班”就有两点明确的要求,一是换产业,二是搬到慈溪市开发区;

三是父辈迟迟不愿“放手”,导致二代慢慢失去兴趣,这在从第一代向第二代传承的过程中特别典型,在欧美发达国家也是如此;

四是不愿像父辈那样辛苦,希望过悠闲点的小资生活或者追求自己的职业兴趣,比如去大学任教或当公务员等,许多作为一代企业家的父母本身也是这样期望子女的;

五是缺少自我效能感,没有信心把父辈的产业发扬光大,因为畏惧而选择退缩。

建议:及早培养接班意愿

明年是改革开放40年,这意味着,起于上世纪八十年代的一代创业者渐渐老去,面临交班的高峰。

二代不愿接班,那么,选择像陈妙林这样交班给职业经理人的会不会增加?

方汉青,密苏里科技大学助理教授,从事中国的家族企业研究多年,他认为,目前著名的浙商交班案例中,交班给职业经理人的不多。陈妙林被誉为知名浙商交班职业经理人第一人。

“陈的交班对浙商而言是很好的开端,未来应该会有更多的家族企业将这个传承方式作为重要考量对象。”他说, 在他访问过的家族企业中,目前创始人仍然坚持工作或者子女接班的占大部分,但是中小企业中,已经有些非知名企业正在做尝试,失败和成功的案例都是存在的。

窦军生同样认为,像陈妙林这样的案例应该算是少数。

他说,陈妙林的交班,其实是经营权的传递,股权也交给(或者说卖给)职业经理人的可能性不大,那么他和他的家族仍然要在董事会层面继续掌舵企业的方向。

“传亲属”还是“聘专家”,决策背后,顾虑重重。

窦军生建议说,家族要及早培育后代的接班意愿,也要培养并观察后代身上是否具备经营企业的核心能力。如果这种能力是外人很难具备的,唯有家族才有的,这才是唯有家族才能经营企业的根本因素。

“国际上大量的经验证据表明,有计划的传承最有可能成功。这一点十分值得浙江家族企业去思考和借鉴。”他说。

“传亲属”还是“聘专家”,决策背后,顾虑重重。

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