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内蒙古文物局:成吉思汗确实到过阿尔寨石窟
2017-08-08 10:22:36 中国青年网
阿尔寨石窟
石窟的构造规模,有大、中、小三种,均为方形。大型石窟只见一座,位于南壁正中,门向南,可能为该山主窟,内部已经坍塌。根据门外可见的雕凿痕迹来推断,窟檐和门框可能为木建筑结构。门外有台阶,可直达山下,并可向左右两方通往其他洞窟,但均遭破坏。其余石窟均分布于主窟两侧。中型石窟,长宽一般为4.5×4.5米,高2.5米,窟室方正,前壁正中凿拱形门,后壁正中雕出主佛龛两侧布有上下两排佛龛;左右两侧壁(即东西两壁)也对称地雕凿有佛龛两排。
窟顶有部分佛像绘画保留。窟顶正中雕出64×64厘米莲花藻井,藻井周围分成32×32厘米方格,方格内有坐佛画像及其他彩绘。有的藻井呈迭涩的方形。小型石窟,长宽一般为3×3米,高1.5米,由洞口进深为4.65米。
阿尔寨石窟
周壁制作平整,人工凿痕规整有序,佛龛窟壁抹泥刷白,绘有彩画,但大部已风化剥落。其中一座稍大者,四壁绘彩画佛像,周围隐约有藏、蒙两种文字。有的窟门外石壁上也雕有藏文。山的顶部成一平地,有建筑遗迹残存,但其布局已辨别不清。在山坡与山脚下,也有绿琉璃瓦、砖、瓦当及次瓷片等遗物,可能是从山顶或山壁石窟中塌落下来的。
这就是鄂尔多斯高原上的“百眼窟”,一座小小的孤山,许多神奇的石窟,共同构成了一个五彩缤纷又扑朔迷离的绘画雕刻的艺术宫殿。这究竟是什么时代遗留下来的奇迹?有人据石窟的构造、石塔的造形与残存壁画的内容,推断其为元代或元代稍晚时期的遗作,但难于确证。如此浩大的工程,如此精巧的艺术,都足以令今天的人们惊奇、感叹不已。
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