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为拼中考高分不惜让学生吃药 应试体育背离初衷(图)

2017-07-13 13:36:53   半月谈

事实上,服用兴奋剂对青少年的身心健康会造成危害。如麻黄,属于刺激剂,可能导致失眠、焦虑、体重降低、依赖成瘾、脱水、四肢震颤、心速和血压增加、中风概率增加等危险。北京大学附属仁和医院呼吸科医生田慧介绍,任何药物长期服用都是有毒副作用的,尤其是含兴奋剂的处方类制剂或治疗目的性较强的药物。如果不对症的话基本等同毒药,容易诱发身体原有的基础病。

从法律上看,联合国教科文组织《反对在体育运动中使用兴奋剂国际公约》和国务院《反兴奋剂条例》中都规定,严格禁止任何体育运动参加者使用兴奋剂。在国家食品药品监督管理总局公布的2017年兴奋剂目录中,前述两种药物都赫然在列。

当中学体育异化为“应试”

除了服食含兴奋剂类药物,近年来,为了在中考体育中多拿几分,走后门、拉关系、弄虚作假、替考等现象时有发生。21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇说:“有的学生平时不重视体育锻炼,只是临时突击,或采取作弊方式应对,这都是体育应试化倾向造成的。”

当体育成为一种考试,人们似乎忘记了,它最初的目的是什么?

长期以来,由于片面追求升学率,社会和学校存在重智育、轻体育的倾向,学生课业负担过重,休息和锻炼时间严重不足,使得青少年耐力、力量、速度等体能指标持续下降,视力不良率居高不下。在此背景下,自2007年开始,国家决定将体育考试纳入中考。

北方某省中考招生考试的一位负责人介绍,中考体育经历了曲折的改革道路,但初衷从来没变,目的就是增强学生身体素质。体育考试的设置是一种群体性选拔方式,而非竞技性的,现在的中考体育中很多学生能拿到满分,多数学生能考到较高分数,只有极少数学生分数较低,这就说明并非是通过体育考试来选拔学生,而是激励学生认真对待身体锻炼。

然而半月谈记者调查了解到,通过中考体育来提高学校和家长对体育的重视,这种重视主要表现在初三学生身上,有的学生上了高中后立马停止了锻炼。

中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖认为,在思想层面上,中考体育也未能达到“培养兴趣”的目的。多数孩子并没有喜欢上体育运动,而是把锻炼当成“应试”手段,甚至因此对体育产生反感情绪。熊丙奇则指出,一些学校会组织学生专攻测试项目,这就难以培养学生的体育兴趣,也无法真正提高学生体质。

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