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13岁男孩点蚊香睡觉未通风 父母发现时已手脚冰凉

2017-06-29 00:04:06   东方网

1.先要判断患者意识。大声地呼叫他,或者摇摇他,看是否有反应。凑近他的鼻子、嘴边,感受是否有呼吸。摸摸他的颈动脉,看是否有搏动,切忌不可同时触摸两侧颈动脉,容易发生危险。

2.开放气道。将患者置于平躺的仰卧位,昏迷的人常常会因舌后坠而造成起到气道堵塞,这时施救人员要跪在患者身体的一侧,一手按住其额头向下压,另一手托起其下巴向上抬,标准是下颌与耳垂的连线垂直于地平线,这样就说明气道已经被打开。

3.人工呼吸。如患者无呼吸,立即进行口对口人工呼吸两次,然后摸颈动脉,如果能感觉到搏动,那么仅作人工呼吸即可。

方法:最好能找一块干净的纱布或手巾,该在患者的口部,防止细菌感染。施救者一手捏住患者鼻子,大口吸气,屏住,迅速俯身,用嘴包住患者的嘴,快速将气体吹入。与此同时,施救者的眼睛需观察患者的胸廓是否因气体的灌入而扩张,气吹完后,松开捏着鼻子的手,让气体呼出,这样就是完成了一次呼吸过程。每分钟平均完成12次人工呼吸。

4.胸外心脏按压。如果患者一开始就已经没有脉搏,或者人工呼吸进行一分钟后还是没有触及,则需进行胸外心脏按压。

方法:施救者先要找到按压的部位。沿着最下缘的两侧肋骨从下往身体中间摸到交接点,叫剑突,以剑突为点向上在胸骨上定出两横指的位置,也就是胸骨的中下三分之一交界线处,这里就是实施点。施救者以一手叠放于另一手手背,十指交叉,将掌根部置于刚才找到的位置,依靠上半身的力量垂直向下压,胸骨的下陷距离约为4-5厘米,双手臂必须伸直,不能弯曲,压下后迅速抬起,频率控制在每分钟80-100次。

注意事项:必须控制力道,不可太过用劲,因为力道太大容易引起肋骨骨折,从而造成肋骨刺破心肺肝脾等重要脏器。老人的骨质本身就脆,更要加倍注意。

5.单人施救和双人施救的比例。单人施救时,每做15次人工呼吸,就做两次胸外心脏按压;双人施救,则是每做10次人工呼吸,就做两次胸外心脏按压。

6.停止心肺复苏的指证。在施救的同时也要时刻观察患者的生命体征。触摸患者的手足,若温度有所回升,则进一步触摸颈动脉,发现有搏动即可停止心肺复苏,尽快把患者送往医院进行进一步的治疗。

责任编辑:曲格林 CN064
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