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丧偶儿媳照顾婆婆10年获补偿 儿媳无赡养义务

2017-06-28 16:54:18   北京晚报

答疑

丧偶儿媳对公婆没有法定赡养义务

关于这起案件,该案主审法官蔡峰表示,法律规定了子女对父母具有赡养扶助的义务,但并未规定丧偶儿媳对老人的赡养义务,因此李女士并无赡养婆婆的法律义务。

在这起案件中,因无证据表明李女士承诺对婆婆养老送终,因此李女士的赡养行为属于道德行为,具有自愿性,值得嘉许。

道德行为要求补偿法院应支持

既然是自愿的道德行为,行为人能否要求获得补偿?蔡峰表示,道德行为固然具有自觉自愿的性质,但行为本身并非没有成本。倘若从事道德行为承担了较大的经济代价,而该行为客观上也使得他人受益,则受益人给予相应补偿不仅是公平的,也有利于鼓励人们从事道德行为,弘扬社会善良风气。

反之,如果从事道德行为产生了较大的经济损失,只能收获精神上的慰藉,不享有要求受益人补偿的权利,那么对从事道德行为的人将无公平可言,客观上也会抑制其他社会成员从事道德行为的积极性。因此对行为人就道德行为的付出主张补偿的,法院应予支持。

反观这起案件,作为老人的子女,韩先生的其他兄弟姐妹具有对老人进行赡养的义务。虽然法院在审理中查明,韩家大哥和韩家二姐对老人也进行了其他形式的赡养,但由于李女士长期与老人共同生活,必然会在日常生活起居上对老人投入更多的照料,这种照料无疑会大大减轻老人其他子女的赡养负担。

因此,可以认定韩家大哥和韩家二姐因李女士的赡养行为客观上获得了利益。

自愿赡养十年不等于放弃了权利

蔡峰表示,从社会道德行为发生的情况来看,行为人通常不会去主张权利,但这并不意味着行为人放弃了权利,除非其作出了明确的意思表示。

在这起案件中,李女士无偿自愿赡养老人十年,虽从未主张过权利,但也没明确表示放弃要求补偿的权利,所以其权利应该受到法律的保护。

尽到主要赡养义务儿媳还能继承遗产

法律没有规定儿媳对公婆、女婿对岳父母负有法定的赡养义务,同样儿媳对于公婆、女婿对岳父母的遗产在一般情况下也没有继承权。

但记者了解到,我国《继承法》第12条中却有“丧偶儿媳对公、婆,丧偶女婿对岳父、岳母,尽了主要赡养义务的,作为第一顺序继承人”的规定。根据《继承法》,继承开始后,有遗嘱的按遗嘱继承办理,无遗嘱的按法定继承办理,首先由被继承人的第一顺序继承人,即配偶、子女、父母共同继承。

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