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>>专家提醒气管异物多见于儿童
成人也有可能发生
据专家介绍,气管异物虽然多见于儿童,一般多发于3岁以下小孩,牙齿萌出不全,吞咽功能也不好,没有识别能力,对各种事物都好奇,在进食时哭闹、嬉笑、跑跳,或口内含着小物品突然深吸气时将异物吸入气管中。进入气管的异物如没有及时发现,常引发感染,出现发热、咳嗽等症状,与慢性支气管炎、肺炎症状相似。较大的异物被吸入后或因阻塞在声门或气管腔,气管因受到强烈刺激而发生痉挛或声门紧闭,幼儿甚至会出现青紫、窒息而死亡。
气管异物虽然多见于儿童,但成人也有可能发生,在饮食中谈笑或进食太快,可能会将鱼刺、枣核、骨头、辣椒等异物吸入气道,异物阻塞气道或误吸后,会造成细菌感染,脓肿形成,发生严重感染。
气管异物最重要的是预防
专家提醒家长,避免幼儿在吃东西时哭闹、嬉笑、跑跳,吃饭要细嚼慢咽。不要把小的物件放置在婴幼儿可以接触到的地方。儿童玩具不要带有容易脱落的小零件。调制孩子饮食时,应仔细,防止有异物掺杂。教育孩子进食时不要狼吞虎咽;吃瓜类时吐出瓜子,最好将瓜子取干净后再给孩子吃;吃水果时要吐出果核,切勿囫囵吞食。一旦发生危险,紧急送医院治疗。
当成人出现气管异物阻塞,应马上将腹部趴伏在椅背上,向下快速挤压上腹部,同样通过产生气压使异物排出。或者一只手握空心拳,拳眼置于脐上2厘米处,另一只手紧握此拳,快速向上冲击腹部,至异物排出。
>>新闻链接辣椒吸入气管肺组织切除
去年夏季,西安一男子在吃夜市时不慎将一个辣椒吸入气管,虽然之后出现了剧烈的咳嗽,但也没在意,不料这粒小辣椒却持续“作恶”,继而引发严重感染,患者手术过程中被切除了右肺下叶、右肺上叶楔形切除,简单的说就是右全肺受到了一次重创,所剩不多。幸亏手术及时,没有出现生命危险。
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