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浙江玩家继承亡父网游账号却无所有权 禁止转让买卖

2017-06-15 13:45:59   正义网-检察日报

保护数字遗产,运营商应积极尝试为立法提供借鉴

中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)第39次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》指出,2017年我国网民规模将达7.72亿,仅网络游戏一项的收入规模就可能接近1600亿元。网民群体数量的不断增加和数字财产规模的不断扩大,很可能衍生各种新的社会问题,其中包括数字遗产继承。如2011年,沈阳的王女士希望继承丈夫徐先生的QQ号,就被腾讯公司以“用户只具有QQ号的使用权不能将其作为财产处分”予以拒绝。

在国外,这一问题同样存在。2014年,在伊拉克阵亡的美国军人贾斯汀·埃尔斯沃斯的家人,请求雅虎公司提供贾斯汀生前使用的电子邮箱密码,以继承他曾收发过的信件内容,被雅虎公司根据“雅虎用户注册须知”中的条款拒绝。而据2011年英特尔安全技术部门开展的一项调查,美国消费者对自己的数字财产平均估价高达5.5万美元。网络云计算公司Rackspace曾对2000名英国成人进行调查,他们中11%的人已经将该部分数字遗产的账户、密码写入了遗嘱。正如美国加州托马斯杰弗逊法学院副教授迪文·德赛认为,“现在讨论数字遗产这个问题已经变得越来越重要,因为第一波大量使用网络的人群,如今正逐渐走向生命尽头。”

“保护数字遗产当然十分重要,这既实现了数字财产的完整性,还为生者缅怀祭奠故人提供了一种好的绿色环保的方式。从某种意义上讲,这不光是保护产权的问题,更是一种体现家庭伦理精神的事情。”刘俊海认为,网络运营商应当注重用户数字遗产的保护,给予数字遗产更多的继承空间。“这也是适应网络时代的必然选择。从民法总则就能看出,民法已经从马车时代走向互联网时代,从现实走向虚拟,但虚拟财产不是真的‘虚拟’,其背后的主体是真实存在的人,其权利义务关系也是真实存在的。”刘俊海说。

对于数字遗产的保护,赵占领建议,应该在生前妥善保管好各种网络账号及密码,或为虚拟财产继承办理托管服务等方式解决继承问题。网络服务商也应当在数字遗产继承方面做出积极尝试,不仅是为了赢得广大网络用户的支持,更是为数字财产的立法提供借鉴。“网络服务商的积极尝试仅是解决数字财产继承的权宜之计。长期而言,数字遗产继承还是由法律说了算,通过立法直接明确数字财产的财产属性才是根本之道。”赵占领说。

记者了解到,目前美国俄克拉荷马州已经对数字遗产继承进行了立法,爱达荷州也在2011年通过了类似的法案,康涅狄格、罗德岛、印第安纳等州也选择用现有的法律涵盖了一部分数字遗产。韩国则在法律中规定,网络游戏中的虚拟角色和虚拟物品的财产价值独立于服务商而存在。

对数字遗产的保护是互联网时代带来的新命题,其不仅考验着网络运营商的社会责任与契约精神,更考验着法律人在司法实践中的法治思维。在呼吁完善相关立法的同时,还要时刻警醒,不能忽略对账号所有者隐私权、通信自由权、虚拟财产共有人权利的保护。

责任编辑:刘敏丹 CN012
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