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痴呆老人29万贱卖80多平房子 法院:合同应撤销

2017-05-18 11:36:20   长沙晚报

显失公平可撤销

2014年5月16日,法院作出一审判决,考虑到老李的精神状况,认为双方签订的购房合同存在重大误解,应该撤销,房屋的产权应该重新变更登记到老李名下。张林不服,提起上诉。

法院审查后认为张林的疑问也有道理,毕竟老人是在后来被认定为限制民事行为能力人,而对其签订合同时的状态缺乏正式鉴定。所以重审阶段,法院将重点放在了合同本身。法官到长沙市房产局进行调查,查明2013年同地段同类型的房屋价格差不多是每平方米6800元左右,远远高于老李卖给张林的价格每平方米4000元,认定双方的交易行为显失公平。

2015年5月,法院作出终审判决,维持原判。

败诉后,张林又提起反诉,要求老李归还第一笔房款10万元,并付10万元违约金。2016年10月,法院审理认为双方的合同已经因为显失公平被依法撤销,因此不存在违约责任的追究问题。对于合同的签订,双方均存在过错且过错程度大体相当,老李应归还张林付过的第一笔购房款10万元,除此之外的其他费用不予支持。

普法时间

Q1:今年两会期间通过的《民法总则》引起了广泛的关注,它的重要性在哪呢?

A1:从法律地位来说,它仅次于宪法,是国家的基本法。所有的民事主体,从自然人的生老病死到法人的成立消灭,从人身权利到财产权利,都由民法规定。总则变化较多,比如说它把对民事权利、私权的保护写进了民法总则,而且放在基本原则的第一条,体现了人文主义、私权至上,这对我们国家的民主法治进程是非常重要的。

Q2:老人的房子又要回来了,但事情的起因让我们很担心。老人在签订卖房合同的时候,显然他的身体状况已经不适合做这样的事情,那民法总则在制度上是怎么安排的?

A2:它可能涉及两方面的制度安排,一个关于自然人的行为能力,一个涉及到监护制度。《民法总则》第24条规定,不能辨认或者不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人,其利害关系人或者有关组织,可以向人民法院申请认定该成年人为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人。因此年满18周岁的完全行为能力人由于精神、智力方面的障碍,也可能被认定为无行为能力或限制行为能力人。被法院认定后,他从事法律行为的主体资格就会受限。

这个案子中,老李当时签房屋买卖合同时,他的儿子并没有通过法院认定,所以法院还不能根据这条来认定合同无效,而是从显失公平的角度来行使撤销权。

Q3:截至2016年底,全国60岁以上老年人口已经超过2.3亿,其中失能和半失能老年人大概有4063万人,所以一个行之有效的监护制度就显得非常重要,那一旦有老人需要别人来监护他,这个程序该怎么启动?法律里是怎么规定的?

A3:按照《民法总则》的规定,老人可以在自己年龄还不是特别老,神智还清醒的时候,跟近亲属,甚至是相关的组织达成监护协议。等日后丧失了行为能力或变成了限制行为能力人的时候,监护人就可以根据协议履行监护职责,保护被监护人的财产权利、人身权利。这次《民法总则》对于自然人的监护制度有很多改进,是我们国家进入了老龄社会以后的一种创新,是比较好的现代立法理念。加快构建符合现代监护理念的成年监护制度,特别是老年监护制度,让法律更全面、有效地介入成年监护关系,更细致地区分被监护人的需求,维持其生活的正常化,既契合全球的立法趋势,也是我国当前老龄化社会的需要。

也许老年痴呆症不可逆转,

但法律会逆转不公的现实,

保障每一位公民的权利。

案件来源:《今日说法》节目《糊涂的交易》

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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