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揭校园贷“高息放贷”内幕:以各种甜头吸引学生

2017-04-25 07:22:40   法制日报

据肖明介绍,校园贷进入大学校园时,只要通过了平台的面签,新用户就可以获得各种各样的礼品,让学生一分不花就能尝到甜头。“后来竞争日趋激烈,服务提供商的钱也烧得差不多了,才慢慢取消或降低新用户的福利,但仍然会在开学那段时间搞让利活动。”肖明说,后来,不少平台推出了免面签服务,也是从这时起,学生被盗用身份参与校园贷的报道就经常出现了。

高坏账率催生高利息

在走访中,有业内人士告诉记者,对于在校大学生来说,每个月的生活费有限,有时还会出现除了基本生活保障还要额外购买东西的情况,这样一来,申请贷款的学生其实没有多少钱用来还贷,这时又不敢跟家里人说,只能继续借钱还贷,越借越多。尤其是向不良校园贷平台借款的学生,他们好比走进了“死胡同”。

在北京某资产管理公司主管放贷业务的王晶告诉记者,校园贷的核心问题其实是坏账率。“坏账率也是各个平台讳莫如深的一个东西,大家都在回避这个问题,都不愿意明说。现在校园贷平台的坏账率太高,10单生意中有2单可能会出现坏账。我曾经接触到朋友公司一个出现坏账的单,这个学生已经在4家平台贷款,全部都还不上。征信系统还不完善,各个平台都避免不了出现这种重复借贷的情况”。

既然坏账率高,那校园贷平台如何保本?业内人士告诉记者,校园贷平台对此的解决办法就是高额利息。

“校园贷的利率都高得离谱,而且这个数字会随着坏账率的升高越来越高,与此同时,整个校园贷金融链条的稳定性变的越来越差,这是个恶性循环。高利率意味着高坏账,高坏账意味着更高的利率。作为这个游戏的最后一环,可怜的大学生是没有下家可以指望的。”在王晶看来,现在有很多大学生从这家平台借款还那家平台的钱,这种情况一点也不奇怪,“游戏到最后就只能这么玩了。作为平台,他只关心自己的钱能否收回来,只要不当最后一棒就可以了”。

不过,记者注意到,在不少校园贷平台的官方口径里,坏账率都低于1%。

“多年前,国家取消银行办理学生信用卡以及助学贷款长期亏损,坏账率官方数据高达8%,这也说明了大学生分期平台背后的隐患所在。”王晶说。

服务费比利息还高

此外,在校园贷平台还有一个不能告诉学生的秘密——服务费等各种附加费用。

一般而言,校园贷平台的盈利主要是靠利息和服务费,还有一些分期导购平台会收取渠道商的导购费。也就是说,校园贷平台要么把从P2P公司贷款的利息率反压到学生身上,要么和电商讨价还价,这便是校园贷“商品低毛利+还款高利率”或“商品高毛利+还款低利率”的盈利模式。

“在这里,我们不讨论校园贷平台与电商之间的回旋,只说平台与学生之间的事情。在校园贷服务中,学生贷款的成本一般包括两方面,一方面是贷款利息,另一方面是服务费、手续费、工本费等其他费用。而‘利率低至0.99%每月’‘零首付、零利息’这些字眼对涉世未深的大学生来说太诱人,一些学生只注意到利息低,却忽略了综合借款成本很高。”王晶说,事实上,许多校园贷平台都是虚假宣传。据调查,纯校园贷平台的年化借款利率普遍在10%至25%之间,分期付款购物平台还要高一些,多数产品的年化利率在20%以上,而某些平台表面上说是无利息、低利息,实则利用大学生理财知识的欠缺,一些没有明确说明的服务费、管理费、交易费等费用一经加总,甚至比利息还高,变相地增高了利息,有的平台利息费用高达30%,有高利贷之嫌。

责任编辑:刘敏丹 CN012
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