新闻 > 社会
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China

北京今年最重霾里有致命成分?数据告诉你到底有啥

2016-12-21 22:32:26   中国天气网

北京霾和伦敦烟雾一样吗?有致命成分?

就在北京空气质量持续恶化之时,网络谣言也开始流传。针对网上流传的硫酸铵会致命,张养梅表示这是不可能的。空气质量好时,空气中也存在有机气溶胶、硫酸盐等颗粒,只是浓度较低、颗粒物较小。霾天气时,仪器不会观测到硫酸铵,观测到的是硫酸、铵两个离子,他们结合成硫酸铵的可能性很大,空气重污染时浓度更高一些。空气中含有硫酸铵并不是政府发布红色预警的必要条件。

硫酸铵是颗粒物,和二氧化硫气体有明显区别,颗粒物对人体健康的影响程度没有气体迅速。如果空气中二氧化硫气体浓度很高的话,相当于人在“吸毒气”,对人体有致命影响。当年的伦敦烟雾在短短几天内造成数千人死亡,就是因为空气中酸性气体浓度太高。监测显示,12月5日以来,北京硫酸盐的浓度峰值出现在20日,达40-50微克/立方米,远远低于伦敦烟雾事件时的浓度。

当然,硫酸铵等颗粒物也会影响人体健康。它们会随着呼吸进入人体肺部,引发心脑血管和呼吸道的疾病。另外,北京的空气污染物中,含有一定比例的铵,会和硫酸、硝酸发生中和形成颗粒,和酸性气体相比,颗粒的危害性相对轻一些。

污染物浓度日间变化明显夜间高白天低

分析还表明,空气中各种污染物的浓度整体呈现白天低、夜间高的变化规律。分析时,将12月5日至20日每天同一时次颗粒浓度做分类平均统计,显示颗粒物夜间浓度明显偏高,白天下降明显。

各类颗粒的浓度白天下降明显,夜间明显上升。

张养梅表示,浓度变化主要受排放量和气象条件两个因素影响。在排放量相同的情况下,从气象条件来说,夜间湿度增大,可以吸附更多污染物。同时,冬季夜间气温较低,大气边界层下压。在气体容量不变的情况下,体积变小,空气污染物浓度升高。白天,大气边界层抬升,体积增大,污染物浓度降低。

和2008年相比硫酸盐浓度下降

2016年12月和2008年冬季相比,硫酸盐(深橙色曲线)所占比重排位下降,硝酸盐(蓝色)排位上升。

总体来说,和之前相比,北京空气中的颗粒种类的浓度分布排位没有太大变化,有机气溶胶的浓度一直是最大。但是分析显示,今年12月和2008年1月相比,硫酸盐在不同颗粒物比重的排位下降。

从图中可见,今年12月5日至20日,硝酸盐(蓝色)在颗粒物组成中浓度上升,基本都排在第二位,硫酸盐下降排在第三位;而2008年1月5日至2月2日,硫酸盐浓度排第二位,硝酸盐排第三位。张养梅表示,这一数据的变化也可以说明,政府对二氧化硫排放的监管和控制,比如煤改气措施、工厂加装脱硫设备等发挥了作用。硝酸盐浓度的上升,则与燃煤、机动车排放增加有一定关系。

北京的雾霾将在明天减弱消散,但在近几年中,霾仍将在秋冬季反复出现。张养梅提醒大家,虽然霾天气对人体的危害没有那么“激烈”,但仍需防护,尽量减少在户外活动的时间,外出时戴口罩。在室内时,也可启动空气净化器等设备,营造相对安全的空气环境。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
上一页2/2下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

PM2.5爆表几天为啥不停课?石家庄教育局回应

2016-12-21 21:52:47

全国灰霾面积达188万平方公里 108城重污染

2016-12-21 21:15:45

北京今日24时解除空气重污染红色预警

2016-12-21 17:02:26

一图了解京津冀等地霾消散时间(动图)

2016-12-21 15:51:41
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20161221/30101807_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 14:58:06

Powered by China
China