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山东一男子逗流浪狗被舔手 50天后不治身亡(图)

2016-10-01 15:38:02   齐鲁晚报

“狂犬病可防不可治,是迄今为止人类唯一病死率高达100%的急性传染病。”青岛市疾控中心传染病防治科科长姜法春介绍,狂犬病虽然带有“犬”字,但并不是只有犬类才能传染此疾病。

威海市疾控中心工作人员介绍说,几乎所有的温血动物都可感染狂犬病毒,这些动物中除了犬类和猫,其他家畜如牛、马、猪等,野生动物如狐、狼、猴、蝙蝠等,也是传染源。

菏泽市疾控中心传染病防控科科长张万清说,“当被犬、猫等可能携带狂犬病病毒的动物咬伤、抓伤,或者黏液、未愈合的伤口被动物舔舐时,均视为狂犬病暴露,应进行狂犬病暴露后处置。”

此外,据潍坊市疾控中心专家介绍,宰杀带毒动物、剥带毒动物皮毛,接触带毒动物污染的物品,也可能通过破损的皮肤或黏膜感染狂犬病毒。

张万清说,儿童是狂犬病最大的受害人群。聊城的狂犬病暴露处置门诊记录,印证了张万清的说法。近几年,聊城市狂犬病暴露人群中15岁以下少年儿童最多,除了动物主动攻击外,在与自家宠物嬉戏过程中动物自卫伤人的也不在少数。

被已防疫宠物咬伤也得打狂犬病疫苗

“现在很多人存在一种误区,觉得被野狗咬伤了就要接种狂犬病疫苗,被家狗咬伤了就没事。”济宁市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治科科长姜文国说,那种“被家养动物所伤没啥大不了,不用去医院接受伤口处理及接种狂犬病疫苗”的想法是极其危险的,即使所养的宠物狗注射过兽用狂犬病疫苗,人被狗咬后同样要处理伤口,并且要到防疫站注射人用狂犬免疫球蛋白。

“患者前来就诊,我们都会让他们签订狂犬病疫苗和狂犬免疫球蛋白使用知情同意书,并且明确告知病发的严重后果,但是总有些患者不当回事,更有患者打了几针就不打了。这种情况并不少见。”济宁市疾病预防控制中心预防接种门诊主任刘智勇介绍,通常被猫狗抓伤、咬伤后,注射狂犬疫苗并不是一针就完事的,按照医嘱后续还有数针需要定期注射,如果忘记注射或者时间间隔过短、过长再注射都会影响疫苗的疗效。因此,必须遵照医嘱按时注射疫苗。

近几年,聊城市每年均有少数狂犬病死亡病例报告,引起狂犬病的动物几乎都是狗,但有1例为猫。通过疾病预防控制专家的回顾调查发现,所有狂犬病病例在被咬伤后均未规范处置,只有少数注射了狂犬病疫苗但未全程接种,也都未注射狂犬病免疫球蛋白。

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