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中国科学家研究给男性未来灭绝预测浇冷水

2016-02-06 15:17:44   中国网

原标题:Y染色体基因脱落显著 未来世界会否成“无男国”?

染色体图片。一些科学家担心,男性将在500万至1000万年后灭绝,因为男性性染色体一直在脱落基因。但是中国的新研究称,Y染色体被一种被名为DNA甲基化的机制保护着。

中国网2月5日讯 据香港《南华早报》5日报道,众所周知,男性性染色体脆弱,在人类进化过程中一直在脱落基因,导致一些科学家担忧,500万年后,将不会有男婴儿降生。

尽管这可能听起来比较遥远,但动物世界里有一些可怕的先例。鞭尾蜥就是一例,它们只有雌性,已经进化成“自给自足”的物种。

而且,女性一般比男性寿命更长(女性平均寿命为73.5年,男性为68.5年)。

也有人认为,在一个如此完美的母系社会在全球范围实现之前,地球有很多种被毁灭的可能,比如爆发核战争、陨石撞地球、瘟疫席卷全球,或者机器将接管地球。

根据中国和其他科学家进行的一项可靠的新研究,即使世界将灭亡,人类去太空寻找新的行星家园,机器人仍然是宠物和个人助理,女人都不太可能见到男人完全消失。

如果两种染色体相同(XX),婴儿为女;如果不同(XY),就是男性。

这份研究最近发表在同行评议期刊PLOS ONE上,给那些很多人认为古怪的有关男性灭绝的“世界末日”预测浇了一盆冷水。

这份研究分析了中国和非洲的72个人体捐献者的X和Y染色体,发现男性性基因在过去5万年左右一直受到保护,这被称为DNA甲基化,一种表观遗传机制,让细胞用于抑制基因表现或基因变异。

中国科学院北京基因组研究所教授孙英丽带领的国际研究团队称,自从第一个现代人类走出非洲,男性基因就已经从这种保护中受益。

表观性意味着“基因以上”,表观遗传机制是指不改变基因排列或内部型态。DNA甲基化也属于这一类别,因为其向基因分子(DNA)加入了一种甲基,这种方式改变了基因的功能,而不是他们的排列或型态。

人类X染色体(左)曾经有超过1600个基因,3亿年进化后,决定性别为男的Y染色体现金只有约50个基因。

就像在学校广泛教授的那样,人类婴儿的性别是由X和Y两个染色体决定的,这被称为性染色体,同样适用于大多数其他哺乳动物和某些植物。

如果两个染色体相同(XX),婴儿为女;如果不同(XY),就是男性。这样说来,Y染色体传承了男性血统,由父亲传给儿子。

两种染色体都在3亿年前的动物身上找到过,但那时,X和Y染色体各自都有超过1000个基因。

但慢慢地,几千年来,与Y染色体有关的基因数量减少了,直到现今只有大约50个基因。相对而言,X染色体仍然有大约1000个基因。

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