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研究:吃坚果降低糖尿病患者心血管疾病风险

2019-02-25 09:32:04    新华网

新华社华盛顿2月23日电(记者周舟)美国心脏病协会《循环研究》杂志近日刊登的一项新研究发现,多吃坚果,尤其是核桃、杏仁、开心果等木本坚果,可能有助降低2型糖尿病患者罹患心血管疾病的风险。

2型糖尿病患者常会出现心脏病和中风等心血管疾病并发症,而坚果中含有大量不饱和脂肪酸、纤维、维生素E、叶酸和一些矿物质。然而,食用坚果与降低2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病风险之间的关联,此前所知甚少。

美国哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院等机构的研究人员利用饮食调查问卷,收集了1.6万多名受试对象确诊2型糖尿病前后摄入花生和木本坚果的情况。跟踪调查显示,这些受试对象中出现3336例心血管疾病病例,其中1663例死于心血管疾病。

研究人员分析后发现,与每月只吃不到一份28克坚果的2型糖尿病患者相比,每周食用5份共140克坚果及以上的2型糖尿病患者,其心血管疾病总发病率降低17%,冠心病患病风险降低20%,死于心血管疾病的风险降低34%。此外,与确诊糖尿病后未改变坚果摄入习惯的患者相比,那些增加坚果摄入者罹患心血管疾病的风险降低11%,冠心病患病风险降低15%,死于心血管疾病的风险降低25%。

研究人员还发现,多吃坚果与降低2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病风险之间的相关性,与性别、体重或吸烟等因素无关。

研究人员说,坚果有益于心脏的生物学机制尚不清楚,也许是由于坚果可以改善血糖控制、血压和脂肪代谢等。研究还指出,虽然食用各类坚果都能给心脏带来益处,但与属于豆科植物、果实长在地下的花生相比,核桃、杏仁、开心果、榛子和松子等木本坚果与降低心血管疾病风险的相关性更大。

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