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美研究称可借助太阳风在月球上制造水

2019-02-21 12:38:00    新华网

新华社华盛顿2月20日电(记者 周舟)美国研究人员借助计算机模拟发现,借助太阳风有望在月球表面制造水,这将为未来建立月球基地提供便利条件。

太阳风是太阳上层大气射出的带电粒子流。美国航天局20日发布新闻公报说,研究人员利用计算机程序,模拟了太阳风冲击月表时发生的化学反应。

模拟显示,当高速带电粒子以每秒450千米的速度冲击月表时,其中的质子会与月表的电子相互作用,形成氢原子,而这些氢原子能与月壤中二氧化硅等化合物中的氧原子结合形成氢氧根,成为制造水的原料。

美国航天局戈达德航天中心等离子体专家威廉·法雷尔说,这表明“月球上的每块岩石都可能用于制造水,特别是在被太阳风照射后”。

研究显示,不断冲击月表的太阳风能使月壤中硅、铁和氧原子之间的化学键断裂,让氧原子出现不饱和键,得以与氢原子结合。

研究还提示了探月者应去哪里寻找制造水的原料。由于太阳辐射会激发储存在月表的氢原子使其外逸至太空,月球赤道等温暖地区的氢原子较少,相对寒冷的极地附近则存有更多氢原子。

研究人员认为,照此原理,宇宙中任何表面裸露有二氧化硅的天体都有可能成为一个制造水的“化工厂”,不过具体如何在外星球制造水还有待进一步研究。

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