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财经观察:德国经济躲过“技术性衰退”后前景如何

2019-02-19 20:07:01    新华网

新华社柏林2月19日  电财经观察:德国经济躲过“技术性衰退”后前景如何

新华社记者乔继红

继前一季度环比萎缩之后,德国经济去年第四季度环比零增长,险些陷入连续两个季度经济萎缩的“技术性衰退”。分析人士认为,德国经济放缓主要是受到全球贸易领域不确定性、英国“脱欧”等因素影响,目前来看今年上半年德国经济或难有起色。

德国联邦统计局最新数据显示,经价格、季节和工作日调整后,德国经济去年第四季度环比增长率为零,而去年第三季度环比萎缩0.2%;2018年全年,德国经济增长1.4%,略低于1月份公布的1.5%。

去年第四季度,德国经济增长动力主要来自国内,建筑和机械设备等领域企业投资增加,私人消费小幅上涨,政府支出大幅增加。但当季德国出口继续“哑火”,对经济增长贡献减弱。

德国权威智库伊弗经济研究所宏观经济主任蒂莫·沃尔默斯豪泽说,自去年下半年以来,贸易摩擦、英国“脱欧”等不确定因素给德国出口带来重创。

除了对外贸易因素,德国去年经济增速下降还与内部因素有关,如欧盟实施新车排放测试新规冲击汽车业、去年极端干旱天气导致莱茵河运力下降和化工行业产能下降等。

自去年下半年以来,主要受国际贸易环境影响,德国经济增长势头大幅减弱。2019年伊始,德国经济依然没有回升迹象。德国政府最新预测,德国经济今年将仅增长1%,远低于去年秋季预测的1.8%。

德国经济分析师安娜·安德拉德认为,2019年德国经济风险主要来自外部。

德国工业联合会主席迪特尔·肯普夫表示,如果欧洲和英国之间贸易因“脱欧”大范围中断,德国经济将遭受重创。

德国汉斯·伯克勒尔基金会宏观经济政策研究所的预警模型显示,德国经济衰退风险已从去年10月的6%升至目前的34%。

目前,美国贸易政策是德国乃至欧洲经济面临的重要不确定因素之一。美国商务部17日向总统特朗普提交了有关进口汽车及零配件的“232调查”报告。分析人士指出,如果美国大幅提高汽车及零配件进口关税,将给德国经济支柱产业汽车业带来巨大风险。

德国汽车工业联合会的数据显示,去年12月,德国汽车产量和出口量已大幅下滑,同比分别减少18%和20%。

面对外界对德国经济前景的担忧,德意志联邦银行18日发布月度报告说,有数据显示当前德国经济放缓可能是暂时的,今年下半年或将出现反弹。

报告还说,德国劳动力市场依然健康,工资增长强劲意味着私人消费将增加,财政政策也将支持经济增长。

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