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巴西尝试用基因编辑技术培育“供体猪”

2019-02-12 16:08:00    新华网

新华社北京2月12日电 巴西研究人员11日在英国伦敦报告说,他们正尝试用基因编辑技术培育将来可用于异种器官移植的“供体猪”,以便有朝一日扩大可供人类移植的器官供应量,并减少异种器官移植排异反应。

猪的内脏器官大小、形状等与人类器官相近,被认为是人类器官移植的潜在供体,但是将猪器官用于人体移植还有诸多障碍,不仅会引发免疫排斥,而且猪的基因组含有内源性逆转录病毒,可能对人体产生“毒”性。

多国都在尝试用猪开展异种移植研究。一个国际团队2017年报告说,他们用基因编辑技术敲除了猪基因组中所有内源性逆转录病毒,这些猪的器官如果移植给人类,不会出现相关病毒感染风险。德国研究人员在2018年底报告说,他们将经过基因编辑的猪心脏移植到狒狒体内,狒狒接受移植后最长存活时间达6个半月。

巴西圣保罗大学生物科学研究所教授马亚娜·扎茨11日在“圣保罗研究基金”伦敦周活动上介绍说,科学家已确认猪体内3个能引起人体排异反应的基因,用CRISPER/Cas9等基因编辑技术关闭这些基因,有可能消除人体免疫系统对猪器官的排异。目前,圣保罗大学生物科学研究所等机构正联合开展这项研究。

“猪的内脏器官与人类十分相似,但如果今天就将它们的器官用于移植,会被人体排斥,我们的想法是调整它们(的基因),使它们可与人体相容,”扎茨说。

研究人员还将比对上述“供体猪”与巴西等待肾脏移植病人的血清样本,以确认巴西人体内可能对猪器官产生排斥的抗体。

巴西是世界上器官移植病例数排第二的国家,仅次于美国,但是等待器官移植的病人数远超过供体数,仅2017年就有1716名需要肾移植的病人死于供体缺乏。

扎茨说,这项研究的最终目的是为等待移植名单上的病人提供更多治疗选项,以减少他们与家人的痛苦。(参与记者:宫若涵、张莹)

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