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新发现将生物自主运动推前15亿年

2019-02-12 11:08:00    新华网

新华社华盛顿2月11日电(记者周舟)美国《国家科学院学报》11日发表的一份研究报告显示,一个国际科研团队发现了最古老能自主运动的生物的化石痕迹,它们生活在含氧的浅海环境中,时间可追溯到21亿年前。

法国普瓦捷大学和加拿大萨斯喀彻温大学等机构的研究人员使用X射线显微断层成像技术,分析了在加蓬弗朗斯维尔盆地发现的沉积岩。

研究显示,沉积岩中存在多个弯弯曲曲的管状结构,直径保持数毫米不变。几何与化学分析表明,这些管状结构来自生物活动,与沉积岩年代相同。这表明,多细胞生物体可在富含有机质的泥中穿行。

研究还显示,这块沉积岩形成于21亿年前,地质学家曾在这一地层中发现现存最古老的多细胞生物体。此前科学家们估计,生物能自主运动发生在5.7亿年前,而新发现则将其推前了15.3亿年。

研究人员目前尚难以确定这些生物体的确切形态,但猜测它们像移动的变形虫,在食物资源稀缺时“抱成一团”,寻找蓝藻产生的营养物质和氧气。这种生物生活在含氧的浅海环境中,当时大气中氧气量达到了高峰。

研究人员指出,新证据给地球生命史研究提出了新问题:这种生物活动方式是否就是更复杂生物运动的开端?有待更进一步的研究去解答。

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