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科普:日本研究发现为何雌性麦哲伦企鹅比雄性更易受伤

2019-02-05 12:07:00    新华网

新华社东京2月5日电  在阿根廷北部、乌拉圭或者巴西南部海岸上,每年都有数千只南美麦哲伦企鹅被发现受伤或死亡。但这些死伤的企鹅中约四分之三是雌性,为什么雌企鹅更容易受伤一直是个谜。日本一项研究日前发现,这是因为雌性麦哲伦企鹅的越冬地更远,更接近人类活动频繁区域。

导致企鹅们伤亡的原因主要是海上油田开发和运输带来的海水污染和海上渔船撞击,但死伤的企鹅中多数是雌性,使研究人员怀疑这是由于越冬迁徙使企鹅更易受到人类活动的影响,而雌雄企鹅迁徙路线的差别使雌企鹅更容易受伤。

日本统计数理研究所和名古屋大学等机构的一项研究证实了雌雄麦哲伦企鹅的迁徙路线确实存在差异。这个研究小组给在阿根廷南部繁殖的8只雄性麦哲伦企鹅和6只雌性麦哲伦企鹅佩戴上定位设备,跟踪它们在2017年非繁殖期内的迁徙路线和潜水活动。麦哲伦企鹅的繁殖期一般在2月下旬结束,此后到4月它们会往北迁徙越冬,9月到10月间再返回到繁殖地。

调查发现,雌性麦哲伦企鹅会长途迁徙1000公里以上,来到乌拉圭和巴西南部等地,更接近于人类活动频繁区域;而雄性的北上距离一般只有数百公里。此外雌性麦哲伦企鹅的潜水深度也低于雄性麦哲伦企鹅。体型更大、体重更重的雄性麦哲伦企鹅一般在海面下50米左右潜水,而雌性企鹅一般在水面下约20米处潜水。

  研究人员推测称,雌性企鹅的行动可能是为了避免与雄性在越冬期相同的捕鱼区域争抢食物。研究小组认为,这一调查表明,在制定生物保护方案时有必要考虑雄性与雌性间的差异。

该研究结果发表在新一期美国《当代生物学》杂志上。

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