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马克龙访埃及寻求外交破局

2019-01-27 16:06:00    新华网

新华社北京1月27日电 (国际观察)马克龙访埃及寻求外交破局

新华社记者张伟

法国总统马克龙27日开始访问埃及。法国国内“黄马甲”运动尚未完全平息,马克龙就匆忙踏上访埃之旅,足见其对这次访问的重视。

分析人士认为,在美国宣布从叙利亚撤军的背景下,马克龙出于国家安全和经济利益考虑,急于在中东寻求外交突破,埃及是其中重要一环。然而,受限于自身实力,法国要扭转在中东问题上相对边缘化的地位恐非易事。

  务实外交

根据媒体报道,马克龙此次访问埃及主要有三个目标:一是拓展经贸合作,法国经济和财政部长布鲁诺·勒梅尔本月早些时候专门到访埃及,为马克龙打前站;二是推进反恐合作,马克龙一直把埃及视为打击恐怖主义的重要伙伴;三是商讨地区问题,主要涉及叙利亚和利比亚局势。

自2014年埃及总统塞西上台以来,埃法两国关系不断加强。法国把埃及视作维护中东地区稳定的力量,对埃及采取务实的外交政策,淡化分歧,强调经贸和防务合作。

在这种务实外交政策的推动下,埃及近年来成为法国最重要的武器买家之一。法国前总统奥朗德执政期间,埃及与法国签订了价值约60亿欧元的军购合同,其中包括采购24架“阵风”战斗机、一艘多用途护卫舰和两艘“西北风”级两栖攻击舰等。

此外,埃及还有意追加购买12架“阵风”战斗机。但爱丽舍宫25日表示,双方不会在马克龙此次访问期间签订合同。

  实力有限

中东局势近年来出现一系列变化,也让马克龙急于在中东寻求外交突破,增强法国的存在感和影响力。尤其是美国退出伊朗核问题协议、单方面承认耶路撒冷为以色列首都以及从叙利亚撤军等举动,都与法国的传统立场不符,危及法国的安全和利益。因此,合作反恐和叙利亚局势等问题预计也将成为马克龙与塞西此次会谈的重要议题。

从地缘政治角度来看,中东和北非地区在法国外交中一直拥有特殊地位,是法国展现自身大国地位的重要舞台。萨科齐担任法国总统期间,提出所谓“地中海联盟”计划,就是为了把北非、中东和南欧连成一体,扩大法国势力的影响范围。

马克龙同样对地中海周边事务拥有浓厚兴趣,自2017年上台后动作不断:在利比亚问题上,他促成当地两个敌对派别达成政治和解,以维持北非原油对欧洲的出口;他居中斡旋卡塔尔外交危机以及黎巴嫩危机,以展现法国的影响力;他还与美英联手,对叙利亚采取有限军事行动。

不过,客观来看,受制于国内问题和整体实力,法国在中东问题上仍处于相对边缘的地位。在美国有意逐步从中东抽身的情况下,法国是否有能力填补“权力真空”,还有待观察。

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