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社评:美舰过台海,无效的地缘政治示威

2019-01-25 09:01:00    环球时报

美国太平洋舰队“麦克坎贝尔”号驱逐舰和“沃尔特·迪尔”号补给舰星期四通过台湾海峡,这是今年以来美舰第一次过台湾海峡,也是去年10月以来的第三次此类行动。这样的频率是很多年来所没有过的。

台湾海峡的中间部分不属于中国的领海,外国船只和军舰都是可以无害通过的。然而美国军舰过台海的真正目的是进行地缘政治示威,美方星期四宣称这样做是要表明“美国对一个自由开放的印度-太平洋的承诺”,但它的这番漂亮话包裹着谁都能看得懂的挑衅。

美国在中国近海示威的频率增加,产生的全是负面影响。它的这一不友好姿态无疑会降低中美之间的互信,增加全体中国公众对华盛顿对华政策的反感。中国社会本来对美国的整体印象不错,但美舰来台湾海峡甩脸色,是最让美国形象失分的事情之一。

此类行动让中国不高兴,但肯定起不到恐吓中国的作用。随着中国军力不断增加,美国军舰通过台海所能产生的威慑力差不多已经流失殆尽。今天觉得美国军舰“很吓人”的中国人也已经几乎没有了。

无论在台海还是在南海宣示“航行自由”,美军能够制造的这一地区力量对华盛顿的信赖也在快速流失。因为美军这样做推升了这一地区的紧张,而这种紧张越来越不受欢迎。这一地区没有人还会相信美军这样做能够吓住中国大陆,越来越多的人开始为这样下去是否会导致本地区的地缘政治震荡感到担心。

即使在台湾岛内,担心台海紧张升高可能危及台湾利益的人也不断增多,“台独”极端势力在高兴的同时,也越来越不再相信美军这样做真能起到“震慑大陆”的作用,他们对中美力量在台海加剧博弈所意味的不确定性也心里没底。

每次美舰通过台海,或者在南海中国岛礁附近经过,必有中国大陆的军舰监视其行动。如果美舰通过时守规矩,解放军的监视会相对温和。一旦美舰进入岛礁12海里,或者美舰通过台海时有舰载机起飞等动作,解放军的监视行动必将强化,导致双方对抗性增加,出意外的风险也会随之增加。

去年9月底美舰在南海中国岛礁附近与中国军舰一度接近到几十米的距离,美方事后倒打一耙,指责中方的做法“不专业”,“挑衅”了它,然而现实是,美国军舰不断在中国近海展示肌肉,中国军舰必然前来回应,宣示中国主权和国家意志,是美军跑到中国近海来制造了险情,而不是中国军舰跑到美国的海岸线或离岛附近设局。

从概率角度说,美国军舰飞机不停来中国近海招事,显然会提高中美两军擦枪走火的几率。美军的做法既会恶化两军战略层面的相互认知,也会严重增加两国一线部队保持战术安全的难度。从长远看,美国舰机的这种游戏很可能成为中美关系最大、也最难管控的风险源。

如果美国无意主动与中国开展战略敌对,尤其是无意增加与中国发生军事冲突的风险,那么它就需要克制在中国近海的军事示威行动,尤其是首先要让它的“宣示航行自由”行动更守规矩,并让这种守规矩、不在示威程度上加码高度可预期。它应主动降低此类行为的对抗性,尽最大努力管控风险。

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