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美研究利用“基因剪刀”应对抗生素耐药性

2019-01-21 09:31:12    新华网

致病菌对抗生素产生耐药性已成为日益严峻的全球性公共卫生问题。美国研究人员近日报告说,他们利用“基因剪刀”开发出一个新系统,可以确定某种特定抗生素能靶向作用于致病菌的哪些基因,有望用于改进现有抗生素效果或开发新型抗生素。

被誉为“基因剪刀”的CRISPR基因编辑技术能精确定位并切断DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)上的基因位点,可以关闭某个基因或引入新的基因片段。

美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校等机构研究人员近日在英国《自然·微生物学》杂志上报告说,CRISPRi是“基因剪刀”的弱化版,不能切断DNA链,但能附着在DNA的某个位置,阻止基因转录所需蛋白质分子靠近,以达到降低基因表达、减少该基因编码蛋白质数量的效果。他们开发出的这个新系统被命名为“移动CRISPRi”,可适用于研究不同菌种。

研究人员发现,利用这种基因编辑技术,减少被某种抗生素作为“靶子”的蛋白质数量时,细菌会变得对这种抗生素更敏感,这证明了特定抗生素和某些基因之间的关联。通过这种方式,研究人员一次可以筛查出数千种可能成为抗生素潜在目标的基因,可帮助科学家理解抗生素的工作机制并改进药物效果。

研究人员用“移动CRISPRi”研究了从奶酪皮中分离出的干酪弧菌,以弄清这种细菌怎样聚居到奶酪上并影响风味。研究人员说,“移动CRISPRi”可用于研究任何数量的科学家此前不了解的致病菌或有益菌。

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