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美国探测器抵达小行星“贝努”

2018-12-04 14:03:00    新华网

新华社华盛顿12月3日电(记者周舟)美国航天局小行星探测器奥西里斯-REx3日抵达小行星“贝努”,开始探测这颗可能威胁地球安全的近地天体,并有望为研究太阳系形成和生命起源提供新证据。

美国东部时间3日中午12时8分左右(北京时间4日凌晨1时8分左右),奥西里斯-REx探测器在距离“贝努”约20千米处短暂点燃推进器调整姿态,标志着它进入与“贝努”伴飞的状态。预计它将在本月底进入环绕“贝努”的轨道。

奥西里斯-REx于2016年发射,抵达“贝努”后将逐步接近它,计划于2020年伸出取样臂接触小行星表面并“一触即走”,获取至少60克土样。如任务进展顺利,它将于2021年3月踏上归途,2023年9月从地球近旁飞过时把样本舱弹出送回地球。

小行星“贝努”直径约500米,目前距离地球约1.22亿千米。其轨道位于地球和火星之间,而非火星和木星间的小行星带。它每1.2地球年绕太阳一圈,每6年接近地球一次。

它成为研究目标的原因之一是对地球有潜在威胁。美航天局认为,在2175年至2199年之间,“贝努”撞击地球的可能性为2700分之一。

太阳系中有超过50万颗小行星,“贝努”成为研究目标的另一个原因在于它形成于约45亿年前,此后基本没有发生变化。其表面碳含量丰富,可能存在氨基酸等有机分子,这与地球早期生命形成时的环境相似,因此相关研究有助探索地球生命起源。

“贝努”还有助研究太阳系的演化。美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校航天工程学助理教授杰·麦克马洪说,“贝努”原本可能成为一颗行星的一部分,探索它将为研究太阳系的形成与演化提供难得的机会。

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