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英国“脱欧”之路不好走

2018-11-23 17:02:00    新华网

新华社北京11月23日电 题:英国“脱欧”之路不好走

新华社记者吴黎明

继上周就“脱欧”协议草案核心内容达成一致之后,英国与欧盟日前又就双方“未来关系蓝图”基本达成一致。带着文本草案从布鲁塞尔返回的英国首相特雷莎·梅兴冲冲地宣布“一切在掌握之中”,“脱欧”协议已“触手可及”。

的确,英欧双方达成协议草案,是英国朝“有协议脱欧”道路上迈进的重要步伐,但其能否最终顺利通过,依然面临英吉利海峡两岸多道关口。

欧盟方面,西班牙就直布罗陀问题直接发难。西班牙首相佩德罗·桑切斯日前警告,如果欧盟不能保证西班牙今后对涉及直布罗陀的事务有“特别否决权”,西班牙将投票反对“脱欧”协议。虽然按照欧盟表决规则,西班牙一家否决不了“脱欧”协议,但欧盟在政治事项上一般都追求一致通过之惯例原则,因此直布罗陀问题可能让协议“触雷”。

英国方面,特雷莎·梅面临党内和议会的双重阻力。上周,就在马拉松式内阁会议通过“脱欧”协议草案后第二天,英国“脱欧”事务大臣多米尼克·拉布和就业与养老金大臣埃丝特·麦克维伊因不满协议草案而宣布辞职,传递出内部分歧严重的信号。在议会里,反对党工党领袖杰里米·科尔宾和英国前外交大臣、保守党下院议员鲍里斯·约翰逊等为代表的反对派依然坚持强硬的反对立场。

当前版本的“脱欧”协议要获得议会通过,特雷莎·梅还有很多工作要做。“硬脱派”认为,特雷莎·梅在与欧盟的谈判中做了太多让步,“脱”与“不脱”区别不大;“留欧派”认为英国“脱”得“太决绝”,一批议员甚至坚持要求举行“二次公投”。

在与欧盟的谈判中,英国以1对27,实力决定着英国回旋的余地不大。特雷莎·梅也是“螺蛳壳里做道场”。不过,为了让协议草案能在议会获得通过,布鲁塞尔和伦敦都避免谈及输家或赢家。

英国是“有协议脱欧”还是“无协议脱欧”,目前依然悬念多。需要指出的是,即便是“无协议脱欧”,也不是英国或欧洲的末日。欧洲的历史无数次证明,折中和妥协的办法总是有的。

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