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美研究人员发现大脑发育过程中存在数千个未知的DNA变异

2018-09-26 11:16:01    科技日报

美研究人员发现大脑发育过程中存在数千个未知的DNA变异

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美国桑福德—伯纳姆·普利比斯医学发现研究所研究人员24日在美国《国家科学院院刊》上发表论文称,他们利用自己开发的一种新的单细胞分析方法,发现在小鼠大脑发育阶段,脑细胞中存在的数千个此前未知的DNA变异,这为进一步了解大脑机制提供了新线索。

与身体其他部位的大多数细胞不同,我们每个脑细胞中的DNA都是不一样的,存在着所谓的“基因组拷贝数变异”(CNVs)。正是脑细胞中DNA的这些变化,才会导致阿尔茨海默氏症和自闭症,才会使我们的个性发展因人而异。但由于目前用于研究单个脑细胞中“基因组拷贝数变异”的技术尚不完备,科学家还无法检测100万个碱基对以下的DNA序列,因此对“基因组拷贝数变异”的许多细节信息也就不甚了解,例如这些变化是何时出现的?它们的位置在哪里?这些变化是随机的还是受调控的?等等。

为此,该团队开发出一种与机器学习技术相结合的单细胞分析方法,允许他们检测100万个碱基对以下的DNA序列中发生的拷贝数变异情况。运用新方法,研究人员发现,在小鼠出生之前大脑发育过程中,存在数千个此前未知的DNA变异。尽管这些变异随机分布在整个基因组中,但它们在神经形成这一大脑发育的关键阶段达到顶峰,表明其是一个有规律的过程,应有一种调控机制在起作用。

研究人员指出,他们的研究表明,胎儿的大脑是由无数个复杂的基因变异组合而成的,这些变异在婴儿出生之前就已经形成,是大脑细胞发育及多样化的基础。新研究填补了科学家对大脑中“基因组拷贝数变异”理解的关键空白,有助进一步了解大脑机制。

编辑圈点

孩子能快速掌握复杂的语言,智力超越大多数生物,就是因为大脑先天的优势。但灵长类的神经系统为何在千万年间加速变异,我们尚不得而知。不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。依靠新的探查技术,我们或许能更深刻理解智力的由来,并且珍惜自然赐予的这份大礼。(记者刘海英)

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